File:Sandomierska Tower - Wavel Castle (9156880233).jpg
Original file (4,288 × 2,848 pixels, file size: 2.12 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionSandomierska Tower - Wavel Castle (9156880233).jpg |
One of the Wawel Castle’s two artillery towers –nicknamed “fire towers” – it was built around 1460 during the reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon. The tower was raised to strengthen the defences of the royal residence against attack from the most vulnerable, southern, side as the adjacent suburb of Stradom did not possess fortifications of its own. The tower was adapted to accommodate firearms and artillery. Certain architectural elements, such as an ornamental entrance portal, glazed windows, and a large chimney shaft that would have been connected to a tile stove found in the third floor chamber point to its former function as lodgings. The room may have served either as guards’ quarters or as a prison for persons of high social standing. In peacetime, towers such as this one were often used as prisons. Indeed, confinement in the higher stories – that is “in the tower” – was regarded as “honourable punishment” and was reserved for the nobility. Common criminals were held in dungeons; one such dungeon survives in another of Wawel’s towers –the aptly named Thieves’ Tower [wawel.krakow.pl] |
Date | |
Source | Sandomierska Tower - Wavel Castle |
Author | Jorge Láscar from Australia |
Camera location | 50° 03′ 15.98″ N, 19° 56′ 11.69″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 50.054440; 19.936580 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Jorge Lascar at https://www.flickr.com/photos/8721758@N06/9156880233. It was reviewed on 2 April 2014 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
2 April 2014
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current | 06:40, 2 April 2014 | 4,288 × 2,848 (2.12 MB) | Russavia (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D90 |
Exposure time | 1/100 sec (0.01) |
F-number | f/10 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 17:49, 6 August 2012 |
Lens focal length | 25 mm |
Width | 4,288 px |
Height | 2,848 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 18:29, 18 June 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 17:49, 6 August 2012 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 2 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.643856 |
APEX aperture | 6.643856 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 37 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.2.0.0 |
Serial number of camera | 8007995 |
Lens used | 18.0-105.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 04:29, 19 June 2013 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:810537AC082068118A6DDD886AF2928B |