File:Ruins of Jain monuments, Malhar Chhattisgarh India - 1.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionRuins of Jain monuments, Malhar Chhattisgarh India - 1.jpg |
English: Malhar is a village found southeast of Bilaspur. In the 1st millennium, it was once a capital and later the second largest city for Somvanshis and Kalchuris. The Maurya, Shunga, Satvahana (pre-300 CE), then Somavamshi (c. 300 to 900 CE) and later Kalachuri dynasty (10th to 14th-century) developed a kingdom where Hindu (Shaivism), Jain and Buddhist communities thrived. Malhar (Mallar) was on the trade route linking the northwestern Indian kingdoms and Koshambi with those in the southeast, particularly Puri and major ports along the modern Andhra Pradesh.
Each of these eras built exquisite temples and artistic items (pottery, statues, stambhas, gateways, coins) whose remains and ruins are seen from northern Chhattisgarh through western Telangana. Malhar and nearby area features an ancient mud fort, two old temples from about the 6th century and the 12th century, as well numerous temple ruins and mounds. The Malhar ruins represent a large collection, a part of which is in the village museum and the others piled up outside the museum exposed to the elements. Some damage is intentional, but the effect of erosion has damaged the ruins much more. The collection consists mostly of temple parts and statues of Hindu deities and tirthankaras of Jainism, along with a few that are from the Buddhist tradition. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ms Sarah Welch |
Camera location | 21° 53′ 44.4″ N, 82° 16′ 48.27″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 21.895667; 82.280075 |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 18:06, 13 January 2021 | 3,394 × 2,930 (4.9 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | Apple |
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Camera model | iPhone XS |
Exposure time | 1/1,032 sec (0.00096899224806202) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 25 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:21, 13 September 2019 |
Lens focal length | 4.25 mm |
Latitude | 21° 53′ 44.4″ N |
Longitude | 82° 16′ 48.27″ E |
Altitude | 256.1 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | 12.4.1 |
File change date and time | 13:21, 13 September 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:21, 13 September 2019 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 10.011215718379 |
APEX aperture | 1.6959938128384 |
APEX brightness | 9.2308308843174 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
DateTime subseconds | 644 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 644 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 644 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 26 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 0.48240470897216 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 113.71003344482 |