File:Revised petrol use urban density.jpg
Revised_petrol_use_urban_density.jpg (702 × 443 pixels, file size: 117 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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[edit]DescriptionRevised petrol use urban density.jpg |
English: Newman and Kenworthy’s 1989 study is often referred to in demonstrating a relationship between overall urban density and transport energy use. Newman and Kenworthy’s statistical methods have been criticised by a number of authors. The essential problem is examining the relationship between ‘motor spirit use per person’ and ‘persons per hectare’. Because population is in the denominator in one term and the numerator in the other, a spurious correlation emerges. Reanalysis of the primary data comparing gasoline use per person to area per person shows a more complex relationship. The revised graph shows this.
Français : L'étude publiée en 1989 par Newman et Kenworthy est souvent utilisée pour rappeler la relation forte qui existe entre densité urbaine et consommation énergétique globale des transports (et donc émissions de polluants pour la part des transports motorisés). les méthodes statistiques retenues par Newman et Kenworthy ont été critiquées par plusieurs auteurs. Le problème essentiel était d'étudier et représenter graphiquement le lien entre «la quantité de déplacement motorisé par personne» et «la densité de personnes (nombre de personnes/hectare)». Parce que la population est dénominateur sur un axe et numérateur sur l'autre, on peut considérer qu'une fausse corrélation émerge. Un autre mode d'analyse des données primaires rapportant la consommation de carburant par personne à la surface disponible par personne montre une relation plus complexe, illustré par le présent graphique (sachant que la forme urbaine, le relief, la température, la nature des équipements routiers et d'éventuels dispositifs de régulation - fluidification du trafic, ainsi que les limitations de vitesse influent aussi beaucoup sur la consommation de carburant). Ce graphe semble mieux refléter l'impact négatif de l'étalement urbain et l'impact posititif de la ville dense du point de vue de la consommation de carburant.
中文(简体):纽曼和肯沃西1989年的研究经常被用来证明整体城市密度与交通能源使用之间的关系。纽曼和肯沃西的统计方法受到了许多作者的批评。关键问题在于检验“人均车用汽油使用量”与“每公顷人口”之间的关系。由于人口在一个术语中处于分母而在另一个术语中处于分子中,因此出现了虚假的相关性。重新分析基础数据,将人均汽油使用量与人均面积进行比较则显示出更复杂的关系。修改后的图表显示了这一点。 |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | en:User:Lester Townsend |
Source paper: P Newman, JR Kenworthy; Gasoline consumption and cities: a comparison of US cities with a global survey, Journal of the American Planning Association, 1989
DOI: 10.1080/01944368908975398
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This work has been released into the public domain by its author, Lester Townsend at English Wikipedia. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: Lester Townsend grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
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[edit]- 2006-08-09 06:38 Lester Townsend 702×443× (120055 bytes) Newman and Kenworthy’s 1989 study is often referred to in demonstrating a relationship between overall urban density and transport energy use. Newman and Kenworthy’s statistical methods have been criticised by a number of authors. The essential proble
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