File:Rakhetra Bhiyadant Hindu and Jain Caves, Aur river valley, Madhya Pradesh 034.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionRakhetra Bhiyadant Hindu and Jain Caves, Aur river valley, Madhya Pradesh 034.jpg |
English: The Rakhetra caves are located near a river valley and farmlands of rural north Madhya Pradesh, along river Aur (Orr, Urvasi) close to Gadhelna and Danga Bairasiya villages. They contain several remarkable reliefs and 10th century inscriptions. The oldest group here is of Hindu artwork, while the Jaina reliefs and statues were added here centuries later. It is also referred to as the Bhimasena, Bhiyamdanta or Bhiyadant caves, or as the Rakshetra, Rakhatera site.
The caves and reliefs are along the side of a cliff. The Hindu reliefs and inscriptions are from 9th to 10th century in Pratihara era style. They include Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Ganesha and Hara-Gauri (Shiva-Parvati). The Jaina reliefs include a colossal Adinatha image are from the 15th century. The site has several important Jaina inscriptions from the 15th century. This site was likely a much larger complex on a river-based trading route before the 13th century and less significant through the 16th-century. The site destruction in the 16th or 17th century ended its regional prominence. The forest and hilly terrain help preserve these reliefs and caves. It is likely that the first wave of mutilation and damage occurred before the 15th century because the lower level easy-to-reach Hindu reliefs are defaced, more broken and some gouged out, while the Jaina reliefs are largely intact. For scholarly discussion of these caves: Peter Flügel (2019), Riddles of the Rock-Carved Hindu and Jaina Sculptures and Inscriptions at Rakhetra, CoJS Newsletter, Vol 14 |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ms Sarah Welch |
Camera location | 24° 46′ 13.91″ N, 78° 01′ 50.25″ E ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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current | 16:38, 9 December 2022 | ![]() | 960 × 1,280 (2.16 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | samsung |
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Camera model | SM-M317F |
Exposure time | 1/100 sec (0.01) |
F-number | f/2.2 |
ISO speed rating | 50 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:28, 20 November 2021 |
Lens focal length | 1.74 mm |
Latitude | 24° 46′ 13.91″ N |
Longitude | 78° 1′ 50.25″ E |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Luminar AI |
File change date and time | 11:28, 20 November 2021 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:28, 20 November 2021 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX aperture | 2.27 |
APEX brightness | 12.58 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.27 APEX (f/2.2) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 000 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 13 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |