File:Rafia Mangaize.jpg

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DescriptionRafia Mangaize.jpg	English: Rafia, a refugee woman from Mali, rests under a tree near her makeshift shelter in Mangaize, in northern Niger. She fled Menaka town in Mali in January with her two children because of the general insecurity.
Date	10 February 2012, 14:55
Source	21982820635_55a1ce291c_o
Author	jhntering

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by jhntering at https://flickr.com/photos/139065770@N08/41462674071 (archive). It was reviewed on 24 April 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	21:15, 24 April 2018		800 × 534 (129 KB)	Funke (talk \| contribs)	Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons

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This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.

Camera manufacturer	Canon
Camera model	Canon EOS 5D Mark II
Author	Helene Caux
Copyright holder	UNHCR / H. Caux
Exposure time	1/60 sec (0.016666666666667)
F-number	f/11
ISO speed rating	100
Date and time of data generation	14:55, 10 February 2012
Lens focal length	28 mm
Image title	Niger / Refugees from Mali / Rafia, a refugee woman from Mali, rests under a tree near her makeshift shelter in Mangaize, in northern Niger. She fled Menaka town in Mali in January with her two children because of the general insecurity. Confrontations between the rebel mouvement MNLA (the Mouvement National de Liberation de l'Azawad) and Malian governmental forces started mid-January in northern Mali and led thousands of Malian refugees and returning Niger nationals to fled Mali to Niger since mid-January. Refugees also spoke of bandit groups roving northern Mali and stealing villagers' possessions and cattle. Refugees have been staying in makeshift shelters they built up with wooden stick and pieces of cloths, such as Rafia's, facing heat and wind during the day and cold at night. Some children have eye infections, diarrhea and respiratory infection. Malaria and cholera are also of concern. The sanitation and clean water situation is also inadequate. In Mangaize, the new refugees have been assited by the local population and the authorities have provided them with food. UNHCR will distribute relief assistance to these people in the near future. The MNLA was created late 2011 by Tuareg mercenaries originally from Mali who had served for years in the Khadafi army in Libya. After the end of the Libyan civil war in 2011, those men returned to Mali heavily armed and reactivated the Tuareg rebellion claiming the independence of the Azawad region. / UNHCR / H. Caux / February 10, 2012
JPEG file comment	AppleMark
Width	5,616 px
Height	3,744 px
Bits per component	8 8 8
Pixel composition	RGB
Orientation	Normal
Number of components	3
Horizontal resolution	34.188 dpi
Vertical resolution	34.188 dpi
Software used	Adobe Photoshop CS5 Macintosh
File change date and time	08:30, 18 February 2012
Exposure Program	Aperture priority
Exif version	2.21
Date and time of digitizing	14:55, 10 February 2012
APEX shutter speed	5.906891
APEX aperture	6.918863
APEX exposure bias	0
Maximum land aperture	3 APEX (f/2.83)
Subject distance	1.89 meters
Metering mode	Center weighted average
Flash	Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression
DateTime subseconds	52
DateTimeOriginal subseconds	52
DateTimeDigitized subseconds	52
Color space	2
Focal plane X resolution	3,849.2117888965
Focal plane Y resolution	3,908.1419624217
Focal plane resolution unit	inches
Custom image processing	Normal process
Exposure mode	Auto exposure
White balance	Manual white balance
Scene capture type	Standard
Serial number of camera	620301934
Lens used	EF24-70mm f/2.8L USM
Image width	800 px
Image height	534 px
Date metadata was last modified	08:30, 18 February 2012
Rating (out of 5)	0
Urgency	High (2)
Keywords	niger malian refugees west africa women children Tuaregs
Unique ID of original document	xmp.did:57F7C1CC0D2068118AA0F3B4A1F5A923
Copyright status	Copyrighted
IIM version	2

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