File:Pyrite in concretion (Volga River, Russia) 1.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionPyrite in concretion (Volga River, Russia) 1.jpg |
English: Pyrite in concretion from Russia. (public display, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA)
A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5500 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The sulfide minerals contain one or more sulfide anions (S-2). The sulfides are usually considered together with the arsenide minerals, the sulfarsenide minerals, and the telluride minerals. Many sulfides are economically significant, as they occur commonly in ores. The metals that combine with S-2 are mainly Fe, Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. Most sulfides have a metallic luster, are moderately soft, and are noticeably heavy for their size. These minerals will not form in the presence of free oxygen. Under an oxygen-rich atmosphere, sulfide minerals tend to chemically weather to various oxide and hydroxide minerals. Pyrite is a common iron sulfide mineral (FeS2). It’s nickname is “fool's gold”. Pyrite has a metallic luster, brassy gold color (in contrast to the deep rich yellow gold color of true gold - www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/sets/72157651325153769/), dark gray to black streak, is hard (H=6 to 6.5), has no cleavage, and is moderately heavy for its size. It often forms cubic crystals or pyritohedrons (crystals having pentagonal faces). Pyrite is common in many hydrothermal veins, shales, coals, various metamorphic rocks, and massive sulfide deposits. The rock shown above is a pyrite-rich septarian concretion. Concretions are post-depositional structures found in some sedimentary successions, particularly in shales. They vary in mineralogy, size, and shape, but often have slightly flattened spheroidal shapes. They typically form by post-depositional mineralization around some nucleus (a rock fragment or fossil fragment). Septarian concretions have developed cracks during their formation. In this case, the cracks have filled with crystalline pyrite having rainbow iridescent surfaces (= thin surficial oxidation films of turgite ? ). From museum signage: Concretions that grow in clays may have shrinkage cracks in their centers that result from later dehydration of the clay minerals. These are called septarian concretions and often have calcite or pyrite crystals growing in the cracks. Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site attributed to the Volga River area of Russia Photo gallery of pyrite: www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3314 |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/35534724890/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/35534724890. It was reviewed on 20 November 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
20 November 2020
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current | 16:58, 20 November 2020 | 2,007 × 2,022 (3.17 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/35534724890/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/9 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:56, 12 July 2017 |
Lens focal length | 8.295 mm |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 15:15, 14 July 2017 |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:56, 12 July 2017 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 6.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.904761905 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:15, 14 July 2017 |
Unique ID of original document | 3B07515881F89AF1DA95D610F8A4E13C |
IIM version | 2 |