File:Public School Physiology and Temperance (1893) (14784614185).jpg

Identifier: c3publicschoolwest00natt (find matches)
Title: Public School Physiology and Temperance
Year: 1893 (1890s)
Authors: Nattress, William
Subjects:
Publisher: Toronto : William Briggs
Contributing Library: The University of Western Ontario, Western Archives
Digitizing Sponsor: Ontario Council of University Libraries and Member Libraries

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hard. In thehand of the laborer the palm be-comes horny. In the barefootedboy the sole of the foot grows thickand tough. In ill-fitting boots partsof the foot are so pressed upon andrubbed that corns and bunions areformed. In the deeper portions of theepidermis are minute cells con-taining coloring matter, called pig-ment cells. This coloring matterin the white race is of a pinkishhue; in the negro it is brown orblack. The varying shades fromwhite to black are owdng as muchto the thickness of this layer ofcoloring matter, as to the coloringmatter itself. The suns rays afifectthese pigment cells, making theskin darker. The tanned skin insummer is much darker than theskin of unexposed parts. The in-habitants of the sunny south aredarker than those of more northern regions. Sometimes the action of the sun affects the coloringmatter in spots, and freckles are the result. 3. The True Skin.—Beneath the epidennis is the cutis,or true skin. It is formed of fine elastic tissue. This tis9ue4
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FiQ. 19. —Section of Skin: a,superficial layer and, h, deep layerof the epidemiis; c, papillae; d,oil gland ; e, sweat gland; /, spiraltermination of sweat duct; g, hairbulb; h, hair shaft; i, musclewhich erects the hair. 60 PHYSIOLOGY AND TEMPERANCE. becomes looser and more open in the deeper parts, so that thewhole skin can be pinched up from the flesh. Forming apart of the true skin are the nerves, blood-vessels and glandsfor secreting the sweat and oil. It is the white fibrous tissueforming the body of the true skin, or dermis, in animals,which is made into leather by action of the tannin containedin the oak bark used by the tanner. The outer surface ofthe true skin is marked by small elevated points, the papillae.These papillae are well supplied with loops of capillaries, andthey have special nerve endings. They are very numerous allover the body, but are more prominent and more thickly setin some parts than in others. On the palmar surface of thehand and fingeis, where the sen

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