File:Protest Art - Magdalene Justice (8010431147).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionProtest Art - Magdalene Justice (8010431147).jpg |
Magdalene asylums were institutions from the 18th to the late-20th centuries ostensibly for "fallen women", a term used to imply sexual promiscuity. Asylums for these girls and women (and others believed to be of poor moral character, such as prostitutes) operated throughout Europe, Britain, Ireland, Canada and the United States for much of the 19th and well into the 20th century. The first asylum in Ireland opened on Leeson Street in Dublin in 1765, founded by Lady Arabella Denny. In Belfast there was a Church of Ireland run Ulster Magdalene Asylum (founded in 1839) on Donegall Pass, while parallel institutions were run by Catholics on Ormeau Road and by Presbyterians on Whitehall Parade. Initially the mission of the asylums was often to rehabilitate women back into society, but by the early 20th century the homes had become increasingly punitive and prison-like. In most of these asylums, the inmates were required to undertake hard physical labour, including laundry and needle work. They also endured a daily regime that included long periods of prayer and enforced silence. In Ireland, such asylums were known as Magdalene laundries. It has been estimated that up to 30,000 women passed through such laundries in Ireland. The last Magdalene asylum, in Waterford, Ireland, closed on September 25, 1996. In May 2009, the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse released a 2,000-page report recording claims from hundreds of Irish residents that they were physically, sexually, or emotionally abused as children between the 1930s and the 1990s in a network of state-administered and church-run residential schools meant to care for the poor, the vulnerable, and the unwanted. The alleged abuse was by nuns, priests and non-clerical staff and helpers. The allegations of abuse cover many Catholic (Magdalene), Protestant (Bethany) and State-run Irish Industrial schools. The Commission stated: There were two types of inquiry, one drawing on contested evidence (Investigation Committee) and the other on uncontested evidence (Confidential Committee), which reported to the Commission. Between them the Commission received the evidence of over 1,500 witnesses who attended or were resident as children in schools and care facilities in the State, particularly industrial and reformatory schools. Since 2001, the Irish government has acknowledged that women in the Magdalene laundries were abuse victims. However, the Irish government has resisted calls for investigation and proposals for compensation; the government maintains that the laundries were privately run, therefore abuses at the laundries are outside of the government's remit. In contrast to these claims, evidence exists that Irish courts routinely sent women convicted of petty crimes to the laundries, the government awarded lucrative contracts to the laundries without any insistence on protection and fair treatment of its workers, and Irish state employees helped to keep laundry facilities stocked with workers by bringing women to the laundries and returning escaped workers. Notwithstanding the investigations instigated by the government in the Republic of Ireland, similar investigations have still to be instigated in Northern Ireland and worldwide, in general. |
Date | |
Source | Protest Art - Magdalene Justice |
Author | William Murphy from Dublin, Ireland |
Camera location | 53° 20′ 41.43″ N, 6° 16′ 05.06″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 53.344841; -6.268073 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by infomatique at https://flickr.com/photos/80824546@N00/8010431147 (archive). It was reviewed on 25 May 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
25 May 2019
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current | 22:57, 25 May 2019 | 6,000 × 4,000 (3.83 MB) | Liverpoolpics (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | SONY |
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Camera model | NEX-7 |
Author | William Murphy |
Copyright holder |
|
Exposure time | 1/160 sec (0.00625) |
F-number | f/7.1 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:55, 18 September 2012 |
Lens focal length | 29 mm |
Latitude | 53° 20′ 41.43″ N |
Longitude | 6° 16′ 5.06″ W |
City shown | Dublin |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4.1 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 23:23, 21 September 2012 |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:55, 18 September 2012 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.321928 |
APEX aperture | 5.655638 |
APEX brightness | 7.50546875 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.3359375 APEX (f/4.49) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Focal plane X resolution | 255.31915283203 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 255.31915283203 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 4 |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 43 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
GPS tag version | 0.0.2.2 |
Lens used | E 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 OSS |
Date metadata was last modified | 00:23, 22 September 2012 |
Unique ID of original document | 179F627265554F39599B144A16778D58 |
Copyright status | Copyrighted |
Contact information | williamm@infomatique.org
www.streetsofdublin.com 29 Bolton Court, Bolton Street Dublin, , Dublin 1 Ireland |
Keywords | Infomatique |
Province or state shown | Dublin |
Country shown | Ireland |
Sublocation of city shown | Royal Exchange |
IIM version | 4 |