File:Portrait bust of a man, 1st century BC.jpg
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DescriptionPortrait bust of a man, 1st century BC.jpg | Marble Portrait bust of a man, 1st century b.c.; Republican Roman | ||
Date | |||
Source | originally posted to Flickr as Portrait bust of a man, 1st century b.c. | ||
Author | Jorge Elías | ||
Permission (Reusing this file) |
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.
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Camera location | 40° 46′ 41.4″ N, 73° 57′ 46.2″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 40.778167; -73.962833 |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 06:40, 16 March 2010 | 1,536 × 2,048 (432 KB) | Flickr upload bot (talk | contribs) | Uploaded from http://flickr.com/photo/28426323@N08/4426677321 using Flickr upload bot |
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Metadata
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Image title | Portrait bust of a man, 1st century b.c.; Republican
Roman Marble H. 14.37 in. (36.5 cm) Rogers Fund, 1912 (12.233) The traditional Roman concept of virtue called for old-fashioned morality, a serious, responsible public bearing, and courageous endurance in the field of battle. Prestige came as a result of age, experience, and competition among equals within the established political system. These are the values expressed in portraits of grim-faced, middle-aged men, such as the one featured here. Roman cultural identity was also structured around a profound respect for family and ancestry, and a principal funerary practice involved the public display of portraits of distinguished ancestors at the funeral of family members. These wax masks, called "imagines," served to advertise the family's illustrious history of public service and to inspire younger generations to strive for such achievements. Similarly, "veristic" portraits, so-called because of their seemingly harsh and severe realism, emphasized the solemnity with which the Romans regarded their civic and military responsibilities. Because the Romans considered facial features to be the best conveyors of personality, age and wisdom gained through long, hard years of life experience were accentuated in portraiture in order to project the qualities they valued most highly. While realism was a component of Hellenistic art as well, the Republican style is also linked to Etruscan and Italic sculptural traditions. The ancestors of the Roman portrait bust can be traced to the stylized heads on Etruscan funerary jars and urns, and especially to portrait sculptures such as the bronze "Brutus" bust in the Palazzo dei Conservatori in Rome. Roman portraiture was also influenced by Etruscan honorific statuary, such as the famous Arringatore, the Orator, now in the Museo Archeologico in Florence. Dedicatory portrait statues proliferated in Roman public spaces, and represent a major component of portrait sculpture in the Republic. Military commanders and politicians were rewarded for their achievements with honorific statues and dedicatory inscriptions erected by their peers or local administrative councils. These sculptures advertised the subject's abilities in a public forum, and also elevated his family's standing in Roman society. |
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Camera manufacturer | Apple |
Camera model | iPhone 3GS |
Exposure time | 1/15 sec (0.066666666666667) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 106 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:37, 12 November 2009 |
Lens focal length | 3.85 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Elements Organizer 8.0 |
File change date and time | 10:49, 12 March 2010 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:37, 12 November 2009 |
APEX shutter speed | 3.9104320337197 |
APEX aperture | 2.970853573907 |
Metering mode | Average |
Flash | Flash did not fire, No flash function |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Sharpness | Soft |
North or south latitude | North latitude |
East or west longitude | West longitude |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 186.9018404908 |