File:Pearl Street, Buffalo, NY.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionPearl Street, Buffalo, NY.jpg |
English: [Built in 1895-1896, this Chicago School-style thirteen-story skyscraper was designed by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler for the Guaranty Construction Company. It was initially commissioned by Hascal L. Taylor, whom approached Dankmar Adler to build "the largest and best office building in the city,” but Taylor, whom wanted to name the building after himself, died in 1894, just before the building was announced. Having already had the building designed and ready for construction, the Guaranty Construction Company of Chicago, which already had resources lined up to build the project, bought the property and had the building constructed, with the building instead being named after them. In 1898, the building was renamed after the Prudential Insurance Company, which had refinanced the project and became a major tenant in the building after it was completed. Prudential had the terra cotta panels above the main entrances to the building modified to display the company’s name in 1898, upon their acquisition of a partial share in the ownership of the tower. The building became the tallest building in Buffalo upon its completion, and was a further refinement of the ideas that Sullivan had developed with the Wainwright Building in St. Louis, which was built in 1890-92, and featured a design with more Classical overtones, which were dropped with the design of the Guaranty Building in favor of a more purified Art Nouveau and Chicago School aesthetic, and with more intricate visual detail, with the ornate terra cotta panels cladding the entire structure, leaving very few areas with sparse detail. The building is an early skyscraper with a steel frame supporting the terra cotta panel facade, a departure from earlier load bearing masonry structures that had previously been predominant in many of the same applications, and expresses this through large window openings at the base and a consistent wall thickness, as there was no need to make the exterior walls thicker at the base to support the load from the structure above. The building also contrasts with the more rigid historically-influenced Classical revivalism that was growing in popularity at the time, and follows Sullivan’s mantra of “form ever follows function” despite having a lot of unnecessary detail on the exterior cladding and interior elements. The building’s facade also emphasizes its verticality through continual vertical bands of windows separated by pilasters that are wider on the first two floors, with narrower pilasters above, with the entire composition of the building following the tripartite form influenced by classical columns, with distinct sections comprising the base, shaft, and capital, though being a radical and bold abstraction of the form compared to the historical literalism expressed by most of its contemporaries, more directly displaying the underlying steel structure of the building. ..] |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/52675024026/ |
Author | w_lemay |
Camera location | 42° 52′ 55.33″ N, 78° 52′ 32.69″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 42.882036; -78.875747 |
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Licensing
[edit]This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by w_lemay at https://flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/52675024026. It was reviewed on 14 March 2023 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
14 March 2023
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 21:44, 14 March 2023 | 2,689 × 3,586 (3.13 MB) | Ɱ (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by w_lemay from https://www.flickr.com/photos/59081381@N03/52675024026/ with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Apple |
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Camera model | iPhone 11 Pro |
Exposure time | 1/2,358 sec (0.00042408821034775) |
F-number | f/1.8 |
ISO speed rating | 32 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:19, 13 August 2022 |
Lens focal length | 4.25 mm |
Latitude | 42° 52′ 55.33″ N |
Longitude | 78° 52′ 32.69″ W |
Altitude | 190.057 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | 15.6 |
File change date and time | 12:19, 13 August 2022 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.32 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:19, 13 August 2022 |
Meaning of each component |
|
APEX shutter speed | 11.203648118218 |
APEX aperture | 1.6959938128384 |
APEX brightness | 9.6485062276805 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 244 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 244 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 26 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 0 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 348.92688022284 |
Reference for bearing of destination | True direction |
Bearing of destination | 348.92688022284 |