File:Parque Nacional do Iguaçú - Iguaçu National Park (14116588502).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionParque Nacional do Iguaçú - Iguaçu National Park (14116588502).jpg |
Português: Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, no Estado do Paraná, é uma Unidade de Conservação brasileira. Está localizado na região Extremo Oeste Paranaense, a 17 km do centro da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu e a apenas 5 km do Aeroporto Internacional de Foz do Iguaçu. O Parque Nacional tem uma área total de 185.262,20 hectares, e nele se encontra um dos mais espetaculares conjuntos de cataratas da Terra, as Cataratas do Iguaçu. É administrado pelo Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio).
Também é um dos poucos locais de conservação da Mata Atlântica, que antes cobria mais de 1,3 milhão de km², e hoje está reduzida a apenas 7,3% desse total. Dentro do bioma da Mata Atlântica, o parque conserva um dos maiores trechos da vegetação original da ecorregião da Floresta Atlântica do Alto Paraná, hoje reduzida a menos 5 % de sua cobertura original, no Brasil . O que restou encontra-se, atualmente, em pequenas áreas isoladas, dentre elas as chamadas Unidades de Conservação. Até a década de 1950, a região oeste paranaense mantinha-se bem preservado ambientalmente, a partir daí, o processo mais intenso de devastação foi isolando o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. Em 1980, este já estava praticamente isolado, em situação similar ocorrida à região da Serra do Mar, no litoral paranaense. (Fonte: Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica) Quanto a biodiversidade de fauna, presentemente foram registradas 257 espécies de borboletas, porém estima-se que existam cerca de 800, mamíferos foram catalogados 45, anfíbios 12, serpentes 41, lagartos 8, peixes 18 e 200 espécies de aves.(Fonte: IBAMA) No Brasil, o Parque Natural confina com 14 municípios: de Foz do Iguaçu, Medianeira, Matelândia, Céu Azul, São Miguel do Iguaçu, Santa Terezinha de Itaipu, Santa Tereza do Oeste, Capitão Leônidas Marques, Capanema e Serranópolis do Iguaçu. O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu foi efetivamente criado em 10 de Janeiro de 1939, através do Decreto-Lei nº 1.035 do então Presidente da República, Getúlio Vargas. Em 17 de Novembro de 1986, recebeu a distinção, concedida pela UNESCO, de Patrimônio Natural da Humanidade. O parque teve seu primeiro Plano de Manejo elaborado em 1981, tendo sido revisado somente no ano de 1999. O Parque protege toda a bacia do Rio Floriano, um dos afluentes do Rio Iguaçu, uma raridade na Região Sul do Brasil pela qualidade da água, cuja suas nascentes ficam próximas à Rodovia BR-277, entre Céu Azul e Santa Terezinha de Itaipu. As Cataratas do Iguaçu, junto com a Floresta Amazônica, são uma das 28 finalistas da campanha mundial de escolha das Sete Novas Maravilhas da Natureza, organizada pela Fundação New 7 Wonders e que deve durar até 2011 quando deve ser atingido o número de 1 bilhão de votos. Pela internet é possível votar através da pagina oficial da Fundação New 7 Wonders. O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu preserva a exuberante vegetação da selva subtropical que rodeia a Área das Cataratas: 2 mil espécies de plantas e 400 de aves. Conta com dois circuitos fundamentais chamados Inferior e Superior. No Circuito Inferior, as passarelas o levarão a sentir as quedas de água desde a parte inferior, enquanto que o Circuito Superior, o fará por sobre a queda de água. Os visitantes dispõem ainda de um elevador panorâmico. Poderá também sobrevoar as Cataratas do Iguaçu a partir do helicópetro da Helisul, bem como fazer passeios em barco a motor no rio. Além das exuberantes cataratas e seus arco-íris, poderá conhecer outros motivos de interesse: o Centro de Visitantes, o Zoológico, a Linha Martins, o Parque das Aves Tropicana, a Trilha do Poço Preto, o Salto do Macuco, a Trilha da Bananeiras, a Praça e Estátua de Santos Dumont, homenagem feita pela VASP ao "Pai da Aviação", que usou todo seu prestígio junto ao Governo do Estado do Paraná na transformação da Área das Cataratas do Iguaçu num Parque Nacional. O local que era propriedade particular, é então declarado público. Fonte: WikipediaEnglish: The Iguaçú National Park owes its name to the fact it includes an important area of the Iguaçú river, approximately 50 km of the length of the river and the world famous Iguaçú Falls.
It is the most important park of the Prata Basin and, since it is a haven to a significant genetic asset of animal and vegetal species, it was the first park in Brazil to receive a Management Plan. As foreseen by Rebouças, the park's basic goal is the preservation of the highly relevant ecologically and scenic natural ecosystems, thus enabling scientific research and the development of environmental education and interpretation activities, recreation in natural surroundings and the ecological tourism. The Iguaçú National Park is spectacular as well as pioneering. The first proposal for a Brazilian national park aimed at providing a pristine environment to "future generations", just as "it had been created by God" and endowed with "all possible preservation, from the beautiful to the sublime, from the picturesque to the awesome" and "an unmatched flora" located in the "magnificent Iguaçú waterfalls". These were the words used by André Rebouças, an engineer, in his book "Provinces of Paraná, Railways to Mato Grosso and Bolivia", which started up the campaign aimed at preserving the Iguaçú Falls way back in 1876, when Yellowstone National Park, the first national park on the planet, was four years old. On November 17, 1986, during the UNESCO conference held in Paris, the Iguaçú National Park was listed as Natural Heritage of Humanity and is one of the largest forest preservation areas in South America. The area of the park open for visitation and where the concession areas of Cataratas do Iguaçú S/A are located, accounts for approximately 0.3% of the total area of the park. The Park is located in the westernmost region of the state of Paraná, in the Iguaçú river basin, 17 km from downtown Foz do Iguaçú. It borders Argentina, where the Iguazu National Park, which was implemented in 1934, is located. The border between the two countries and their national parks is made by the Iguaçú river, whose source is near the Serra (mountain range) do Mar near Curitiba and runs for 18 km throughout the state of Paraná. The river estuary is located 18 km downriver from the Falls, where it flows into the Paraná river. This meeting of rivers forms the triple Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay border. The most spectacular sightseeing of the park is the Iguaçú Falls, which form a 2,700m wide semicircle, while the water falls from a height of 72m. The number of waterfalls ranges from 150 and 300 depending on the Iguaçú river flow. Besides the exuberant waterfalls, there are other attractions such as rich fauna, the Poço Preto (the Black Well), the Macuco Waterfall, the Visitors Center, the Santos Dumont Statue, a homage paid by VASP (an airline company) to the "Father of Aviation", who lent all his prestige and efforts in turning the falls area into a National Park. Source: Wikipedia |
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Source | Parque Nacional do Iguaçú / Iguaçu National Park |
Author | Deni Williams from São Paulo, Brasil |
Camera location | 25° 36′ 48.68″ S, 54° 28′ 47.07″ W ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Deni Williams at https://flickr.com/photos/45600179@N08/14116588502. It was reviewed on 28 November 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
28 November 2015
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Camera manufacturer | SONY |
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Camera model | NEX-5N |
Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:09, 24 November 2013 |
Lens focal length | 31 mm |
Label | Verde |
Horizontal resolution | 1,080 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 1,080 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.0 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 14:15, 5 May 2014 |
Exposure Program | Shutter priority |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:09, 24 November 2013 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.965784 |
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APEX brightness | 10.48984375 |
APEX exposure bias | 0.3 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
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Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Focal plane X resolution | 209.91452026367 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | 4 |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 46 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Lens used | E 18-55mm F3.5-5.6 OSS |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:15, 5 May 2014 |
Unique ID of original document | B4719F7C73172C0A28063950A51147FB |
IIM version | 4 |