File:Papal bull (FindID 79979).jpg
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Size of this preview: 692 × 599 pixels. Other resolutions: 277 × 240 pixels | 554 × 480 pixels | 887 × 768 pixels | 1,182 × 1,024 pixels | 1,845 × 1,598 pixels.
Original file (1,845 × 1,598 pixels, file size: 1.88 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
File information
Structured data
Captions
Summary
[edit]papal bull | |||
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Photographer |
Sussex Archaeological Society, Liz Wilson, 2004-11-09 11:40:52 |
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Title |
papal bull |
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Description |
English: A medieval lead papal bulla, roughly circular in shape and 38.84 mm in diameter. The edges of the papal bulla are worn and slightly damaged; the lead has gone a mid greenish-grey colour. The obverse depicts the heads of St Paul and St Peter, with a sceptre between them. The two heads are each surrounded by a circle of pellets. The legend above the two heads reads SPASP[E] the E has been scuffed away by later damage. The reverse shows the name and number of the Pope. The legend reads INNO // CE[NT]VS // PP[IIII] (written on three lines). This name refers to Innocent IV (pope 1243-1254). Papal bullae are lead seals which were attached to documents known as bulls, issued by the Papacy. Several holes have been driven through this bulla, apparently by nails. Three holes can be seen on the obverse (the side depicting St Paul and St Peter), and five holes and a part-hole can be seen on the reverse. Dr Tim Pestell at Norwich Castle Museum has examined an image of this bulla and has suggested that it was nailed to a door, perhaps of a church, as an amulet, which was a common practice with pilgrim badges and ampullae. The larger number of holes on the reverse, and the way in which the soft lead has been distorted, suggests that the bulla was nailed with the name of the pope outwards and visible. |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) West Sussex | ||
Date |
between 1243 and 1254 date QS:P571,+1250-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P1319,+1243-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1254-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 |
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Accession number |
FindID: 79979 Old ref: SUSS-F5E022 Filename: 3-195a.jpg |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/42263 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/42263/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/79979 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License |
Licensing
[edit]This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license.
Attribution: The Portable Antiquities Scheme/ The Trustees of the British Museum
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- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 02:11, 2 February 2017 | 1,845 × 1,598 (1.88 MB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, SUSS, FindID: 79979, medieval, page 2041, batch direction-asc count 16805 |
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File usage on Commons
The following 2 pages use this file:
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON |
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Camera model | E5400 |
Exposure time | 5/389 sec (0.012853470437018) |
F-number | f/6.5 |
ISO speed rating | 50 |
Date and time of data generation | 04:58, 8 November 2004 |
Lens focal length | 24 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 2.0 |
File change date and time | 16:44, 8 November 2004 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 04:58, 8 November 2004 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Tungsten (incandescent light) |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 116 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
IIM version | 2 |