File:PCA of populations in southern China and Vietnam based on mtDNA haplogroup frequencies.png

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English: Principle components analysis (PCA) based on mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of populations in southern China and Vietnam. For population IDs, see table below. In the first PC, some Sinitic populations (Han-DG, HK, Hakka, and Chaoshan) clustered in one pole. In the other pole, except Lingao and Danga, most Hainan islanders were clustered with some populations from Guangxi, which were distinguished from the other populations in the mainland by the second PC. The genetic difference between Hainan islanders and populations from the mainland was statistically significant (p < 0.001, Analysis of molecular variance, AMOVA), whereas the difference between the Li populations (Li-BT, Li-LD, Li-QZ, Li-TZ, and Jiamao) and non-Li populations (Cun, Danga, and Lingao) was not (p = 0.147 ± 0.010, AMOVA).
Date Published: 15 February 2011
Source Peng M-S, He J-D, Liu H-X, Zhang Y-P. Tracing the legacy of the early Hainan Islanders - a perspective from mitochondrial DNA. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2011;11:46. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-46. https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-11-46
Author Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Hai-Xin Liu and Ya-Ping ZhangEmail author
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(Reusing this file)		 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)
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Spatial frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroup M12

Population ID

[edit]
No. Region ID Sample Size Language Population Location References
1 Guangdong Han_GZ 69 Sinitic Han Guangzhou, Guangdong [1]
2 Han_ZJ 30 Sinitic Han Zhanjiang, Guangdong [2]
3 Han_DG 106 Sinitic Han Dongguan, Guangdong [3]
4 Hakka 170 Sinitic Hakka Meizhou, Guangdong [4]
5 Chaoshan 102 Sinitic Chaoshan Chanshan, Guangdong [4]
6 BaPai 35 Hmong-Mien Ba Pai Liannan, Guangdong [5]
7 Pou 34 Tai-Kadai Pou Huaiji, Guangdong [6]
8 Hong Kong HK 377 Sinitic residents of urban Hong Kong with diverse Chinese ancestry Hong Kong [7]
9 Guangxi BuNu 19 Hmong-Mien Bu Nu Dahua, Guangxi [5]
10 HuaTou 19 Hmong-Mien Hua Tou Fangcheng, Guangxi [5]
11 Mien_SS 32 Hmong-Mien Mien Shangsi, Guangxi [5]
12 Pan 32 Hmong-Mien Pan Tianlin, Guangxi [5]
13 TuYao 41 Hmong-Mien Tu Yao Hezhou, Guangxi [5]
14 LanTin 26 Hmong-Mien Lan Tin Tianlin, Guangxi [5]
15 Lowland 42 Hmong-Mien Lowland Fuchuang, Guangxi [5]
16 Wuzhou 31 Hmong-Mien Wuzhou Fuchuang, Guangxi [5]
17 Han_TL 26 Sinitic Han Tianlin, Guangxi [8]
18 Caolan 31 Tai-Kadai Caolan Fangcheng, Guangxi [6]
19 Zhuang_N 25 Tai-Kadai Zhuang Tianlin, Guangxi [6]
20 Blue_Gelao 30 Tai-Kadai Blue Gelao Longlin, Guangxi [6]
21 Sui 30 Tai-Kadai Sui Rongshui, Guangxi [6]
22 Mulam 66 Tai-Kadai Mulam Luocheng, Guangxi [6, 9]
23 Maonan 32 Tai-Kadai Maonan Huanjiang, Guangxi [6]
24 Palyu 30 Austro-Asiatic Palyu Longlin, Guangxi [6]
25 E 33 Tai-Kadai E Rongshui, Guangxi [6]
26 Mien_FC 29 Hmong-Mien Mien Fuchuan, Guangxi [9]
27 PH_FC 48 Sinitic Pinghua Han Fuchuan, Guangxi [9]
28 PH_HZ 39 Sinitic Pinghua Han Hezhou, Guangxi [9]
29 Zhuang_HZ 55 Tai-Kadai Zhuang Hezhou, Guangxi [9]
30 Laka 67 Tai-Kadai Laka Jinxiu, Guangxi [9]
31 PH_LC 51 Sinitic Pinghua Han Luocheng, Guangxi [9]
32 Kam 72 Tai-Kadai Kam Sanjiang, Guangxi [9]
33 Yerong 15 Tai-Kadai Yerong Napo, Guangxi [6]
34 Zhuang_S 12 Tai-Kadai Zhuang Chongzuo/Shangsi, Guangxi [6]
35 MuBin 6 Hmong-Mien Mu Bin Tianlin, Guangxi [5]
36 XiBan 11 Hmong-Mien Xi Ban Fangcheng, Guangxi [5]
37 JX_Pinghua 13 Sinitic Pinghua Han Jinxiu, Guangxi [9]
38 Zhuang 86 Tai-Kadai Zhuang Guangxi [10]
39 PH_WX 46 Sinitic Pinghua Han Wuxuan, Guangxi [9]
40 Yunnan Pubiao 25 Tai-Kadai Pubiao Malipo, Yunnan [6]
41 Bugan 32 Austro-Asiatic Bugan Xichou, Yunnan [6]
42 Buyang 31 Tai-Kadai Buyang Guangnan, Yunnan [6]
43 Lachi 30 Tai-Kadai Lachi Maguan, Yunnan [6]
44 White_Gelao 14 Tai-Kadai White Gelao Malipo, Yunnan [6]
45 KimMun 40 Hmong-Mien Kim Mun Malipo, Yunnan [5]
46 Vietnam N_Viet 187 Austro-Asiatic Vietnamese Hanoi, Vietnam [11]
47 Kinh_HA 139 Austro-Asiatic Kinh Hanoi, Vietnam [12]
48 Kinh_HU 41 Austro-Asiatic Kinh Hue, Vietnam [6]
49 Bana 3 Austro-Asiatic Bana Kontum, Vietnam [6]
50 Chut 1 Austro-Asiatic Chut Quangbinh, Vietnam [6]
51 Die 2 Austro-Asiatic Die Kontum, Vietnam [6]
52 Hre 1 Austro-Asiatic Hre Quangngai, Vietnam [6]
53 Halang 1 Austro-Asiatic Halang Kontum, Vietnam [6]
54 Katu 2 Austro-Asiatic Katu Quangnam, Vietnam [6]
55 Mnong 3 Austro-Asiatic Mnong Daklak, Vietnam [6]
56 Man_Thanth 2 Tai-Kadai Man Thanth Hatinh, Vietnam [6]
57 Pacoh 3 Austro-Asiatic Pacoh Quangtri, Vietnam [6]
58 Sedang 1 Austro-Asiatic Sedang Kontum, Vietnam [6]
59 Trieng 2 Austro-Asiatic Trieng Kontum, Vietnam [6]
60 Tay 4 Tai-Kadai Tay Gialai, Vietnam [6]
61 Hainan Cun 30 Tai-Kadai Cun Dongfang, Hainan [6]
62 Danga 40 Unclassified Danga Lingshui, Hainan [6]
63 Jiamao 27 Tai-Kadai Jiamao Baoting, Hainan [6]
64 Lingao 31 Tai-Kadai Lingao Lingao, Hainan [6]
65 Li_TZ 34 Tai-Kadai Li Tongza (Wuzhishan), Hainan [6]
66 Li_BT 99 Tai-Kadai Li Qiongzhong, Hainan This Study
67 Li_LD 100 Tai-Kadai Li Ledong, Hainan This Study
68 Li_QZ 86 Tai-Kadai Li Baoting, Hainan This Study
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