File:Neuronal diversity of energy homeostasis in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.jpg

English: "Neuronal diversity of energy homeostasis in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. (a) LEPR-expressing POMC neurons do not mediate the direct effects of leptin on food intake and body weight. These neurons play important roles in mediating leptin's direct effects on glucose homeostasis. Other POMC neuron populations exist and mediate various effects on energy and glucose homeostasis. (b) POMC 5-HT(2C)+ can modulate food intake and body weight, as well as glucose homeostasis. (c) POMC GLP1R+ neurons regulate food intake and body weight, especially in the context of treatment with GLP1R agonists. It is still unclear whether these neurons mediate effects on glucose homeostasis. (d) AGRP neurons regulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis. (e) LEPR-expressing GABAergic neurons potently regulate food intake, energy expenditure, body weight, and glucose homeostasis. However, the precise identity of these neurons is still unknown. (f) RIP-Cre LEPR+ neurons are involved in controlling energy expenditure, body weight, and glucose homeostasis, whereas (g) NOS1 LEPR+ neurons regulate food intake, energy expenditure, body weight, and glucose homeostasis. (h) PNOC neurons regulate food intake and body weight. (i) ACBD7 neurons regulate food intake, energy expenditure, and body weight. It should be noted that GABAergic LEPR+, RIP-Cre, NOS1, PNOC, and ACBD7 are also found outside of the ARC. 5-HT(2C), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C; ACBD7, acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing 7; AGRP, agouti-related peptide; LEPR, leptin receptor; GLP1R, glucagon-like peptide receptor 1; NOS1, nitric oxide synthase1; PNOC, prepronociceptin; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; RIP, rat insulin promoter; α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone."