File:Nervous and mental diseases (1919) (14779457554).jpg

Identifier: nervousmentaldis00chu (find matches)
Title: Nervous and mental diseases
Year: 1919 (1910s)
Authors: Church, Archibald, b. 1861 Peterson, Frederick, 1859-1938, joint author
Subjects: Nervous system Mental illness
Publisher: Philadelphia, London, W.B. Saunders company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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ork Pathological Society. See Proceedings,1894, p. 94) : A female child, aged eighteen months; hydrocephalus, whether IDIOCY. 899 congenital or acquired unascertained. Circumference of head, 51.5 cm.;anteroposterior diameter, 18 cm. ; greatest transverse diameter, 15 cm.;naso-occipital arc, 32 cm. : binauricular arc, 34 cm. Blindness and nystagmus; widely gaping fontanels; spastic di-plegia ; occasional convulsions, and just before death opisthotonos.At the autopsy sixty-four ounces of reddish serum were first removedby tapping the anterior fontanel. The skull and dura Avere exceed-ingly thin. The falx cerebri had disappeared. Cutting through thethin dura, nothing was to be seen of any brain proper in the great cavityof the head. The membranes usually covering the cerebrum had dis-appeared with that organ. At the base of the skull the floors of theventricles and basal ganglia stood out prominently, and back of theseparts, lying on the tentorium, were the only vestiges of a cerebrum—
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Fig. 338.—Brain and skull in a case of hTdrocej)haliis. parts of the two occipital lobes. On removing the tentorium, the cere-bellum was found to be of about normal size. Microscoj^ical exami-nation showed degeneration and atrophy of the hiteral cohunns of thecord (Fig. 338). In this case, then, we have to do with distention and atrophy of theencephalon pushed to its greatest extreme. Case IV, in a series of autopsies by Bourneville, is a good illustra-tion of the nature of the process of compression and atrophy. A girl,a complete idiot, died at the age of about two years. Five hundredgrams of fluid were found in the brain-cavity, the brain-envelopehaving become merely a sac of varying thickness. For instance, inthe right hemisphere, over the whole of the temporo-occipital region,the wall of cerebral substance was but a millimeter in thickness, andat one place here, near the fissure of Sylvius, the brain-substance was 900 MENTAL DISEASES. absent altogether at a space of four centime

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