File:NavajoVowelFormantsMcDonough2003.png
NavajoVowelFormantsMcDonough2003.png (691 × 570 pixels, file size: 25 KB, MIME type: image/png)
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Summary[edit]
The median frequencies of the first and second formant of oral Navajo vowels plotted in a chart. The formant data is from McDonough (2003).
The graphing the first and second formants of a vowel roughly corresponds to its perceived location on a vowel chart.
First formant (F1) is plotted against the difference between the second and first formants (F2-F1). Formant measurements are in Hz. The frequencies have been converted to a mel scaling (the equation is , which is from Fant (1968)).
The F2-F1 vs. F1 plotting (over a F2 vs. F1 plotting) is suggested by Ladefoged (1993). The mel scaling suggestion is from Ladefoged (1967). McDonough's median formant values are here:
Oral Vowels Vowel F1 F2 Vowel F1 F2 iː 372 2532 oː 513 957 i 463 2057 o 537 1154 eː 487 2195 aː 752 1309 e 633 1882 a 696 1454
Bibliography:
- Clark, John; & Yallop, Colin. (1995). An Introduction to phonetics and phonology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Fant, Gunnar. (1968). Analysis and synthesis of speech processes. In B. Malmberg (Ed.), Manual of phonetics (pp. 173-177). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
- Ladefoged (1967). Three areas of experimental phonetics. London: Oxford University Press.
- Ladefoged (1993). A course in phonetics (3rd ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
- McDonough, Joyce. (2003). The Navajo sound system. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
DescriptionNavajoVowelFormantsMcDonough2003.png | Navajo vowel formants. |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Ishwar |
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