File:Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857 - and of the Assinniboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition of 1858 (1860) (14778381732).jpg

Identifier: narrativeofcanad11860hind (find matches)
Title: Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857 : and of the Assinniboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition of 1858
Year: 1860 (1860s)
Authors: Hind, Henry Youle, 1823-1908 Weller, Edward, d. 1884, engraver Arrowsmith, John, 1790-1873, cartographer Hime, Humphrey Lloyd, photographer Fleming, John, 1836-1876, ill Hayden, F. V. (Ferdinand Vandeveer), 1829-1887, former owner. DSI Allen, Edward G., associated name. DSI Spottiswoode & Co., printer of plates Canada. Library of Parliament, former owner. DSI Assinniboine & Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition (1858)
Subjects: Hind, Henry Youle, 1823-1908 Assinniboine & Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition (1858) Geology Indians of North America
Publisher: London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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uldersimbedded in the clay (d) are not arranged according tothe position they would assume if dropped by floating ice ;some of them stand in the drift with their longest axisvertical, others slanting, and some are placed as it wereupon their edges. They have the same forced arrangementand position as the shale, &c, in the blue clay at Toronto. c c 3 390 ASSINNIBOINE AND SASKATCHEWAN EXPEDITION. In many places close to the waters edge and rising fromit in a slope for a space of twenty-five to thirty feet, thefallen boulders are packed like stones in an artificial pave-ment (g), and are often ground down to a uniform levelby the action of ice, exhibiting ice grooves and scratchesin the direction of the current. This pavement is visiblefor many miles in aggregate length at the bends of theriver. Sometimes it resembles fine mosaic work, at othertimes it is rugged, as where granite boulders have longresisted the wear of the ice and protected those of softermaterials lying less exposed.
Text Appearing After Image:
Polished and Grooved Pavement of Boulders on the South Branch. Two tiers of boulders (c, /) separated by an interval oftwenty feet, are visible in the clay cliffs lower down theriver. When first noticed they (/) were about fifteen feetabove the water; as we descended the stream they wereseen to rise above its level, preserving evidently a nearlyhorizontal position. The lower tier (/) consists of very largefragments of water-worn limestone, granite, and gneissoidboulders; above them is an indurated sand containingpebbles; this is superimposed by an extremely fine stratifiedclay (<?), breaking up into excessively thin layers, whichenvelope detached particles of sand, small pebbles, andaggregations of particles of sand. Above the fine stratifiedclay, yellow clay and unstratified sand occur. The fineclay must have been deposited in very quiet water, amicroscopic examination subsequently made, failed to re- POLISHED BOULDER PAVEMENT. 391 veal any diatomacese. The polished pavement at th

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