File:Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine, Mountain Pass, California (15469739669).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionMountain Pass Rare Earth Mine, Mountain Pass, California (15469739669).jpg |
The Mountain Pass rare earth mine is an open-pit mine of rare earth elements (REEs) on the south flank of the Clark Mountain Range, just north of the unincorporated community of Mountain Pass, California, United States. The mine, owned by Molycorp Inc., once supplied most of the world's rare earth elements. The Mountain Pass deposit is in a 1.4 billion year old Precambrian carbonatite intruded into gneiss, and contains 8% to 12% rare earth oxides, mostly contained in the mineral bastnäsite. Gangue minerals include calcite, barite, and dolomite. It is regarded as a world-class rare-earth mineral deposit. The metals that can be extracted from it include: Cerium Lanthanum Neodymium Europium Known remaining reserves were estimated to exceed 20 million tons of ore as of 2008, using a 5% cutoff grade, and averaging 8.9% rare earth oxides. The mine, once the world's dominant producer of rare earth elements, was closed in large part due to competition from REEs imported from China, which in 2009 supplied more than 96% of the world's REEs. Since 2007 China has restricted exports of REEs and imposed export tariffs, both to conserve resources and to give preference to Chinese manufacturers. Some outside China are concerned that because rare earths are essential to some high-tech, renewable-energy, and defense-related technologies, the world should not be reliant on a single source. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Pass_rare_earth_mine en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_... |
Date | |
Source | Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine, Mountain Pass, California |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 35° 31′ 57.52″ N, 115° 18′ 02.24″ W ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/15469739669. It was reviewed on 4 December 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
4 December 2015
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current | 04:00, 4 December 2015 | ![]() | 4,000 × 3,000 (2.47 MB) | INeverCry (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot SX280 HS |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/5 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 07:05, 28 October 2014 |
Lens focal length | 20.556 mm |
Latitude | 35° 31′ 57.52″ N |
Longitude | 115° 18′ 2.24″ W |
Altitude | 6,253.6 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 07:05, 28 October 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 07:05, 28 October 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 4.65625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.65625 APEX (f/5.02) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 14:05 |
Receiver status | Measurement in progress |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 28 October 2014 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |