File:Mono Lake - 48822019643.jpg
![File:Mono Lake - 48822019643.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mono_Lake_-_48822019643.jpg/800px-Mono_Lake_-_48822019643.jpg?20210210170502)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionMono Lake - 48822019643.jpg |
English: Mono Lake is a large, shallow saline soda lake in Mono County, California, formed at least 760,000 years ago as a terminal lake in an endorheic basin. The lack of an outlet causes high levels of salts to accumulate in the lake. These salts also make the lake water alkaline.
This desert lake has an unusually productive ecosystem based on brine shrimp that thrive in its waters, and provides critical habitat for two million annual migratory birds that feed on the shrimp and alkali flies. Historically, the native Kutzadika'a people derived nutrition from the Ephydra hians pupae, which live in the shallow waters around the edge of the lake. When the city of Los Angeles diverted water from the freshwater streams flowing into the lake, it lowered the lake level, which imperiled the migratory birds. Mono Lake occupies part of the Mono Basin, an endorheic basin that has no outlet to the ocean. Dissolved salts in the runoff thus remain in the lake and raise the water's pH levels and salt concentration. The tributaries of Mono Lake include Lee Vining Creek, Rush Creek and Mill Creek which flows through Lundy Canyon. The basin was formed by geological forces over the last five million years: basin and range crustal stretching and associated volcanism and faulting at the base of the Sierra Nevada. Five million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was an eroded set of rolling hills and Mono Basin and Owens Valley did not yet exist. From 4.5 to 2.6 million years ago, large volumes of basalt were extruded around what is now Cowtrack Mountain (east and south of Mono Basin); eventually covering 300 square miles (780 km2) and reaching a maximum thickness of 600 feet (180 m). Later volcanism in the area occurred 3.8 million to 250,000 years ago. This activity was northwest of Mono Basin and included the formation of Aurora Crater, Beauty Peak, Cedar Hill (later an island in the highest stands of Mono Lake), and Mount Hicks. Mono Lake is believed to have formed at least 760,000 years ago, dating back to the Long Valley eruption. Sediments located below the ash layer hint that Mono Lake could be a remnant of a larger and older lake that once covered a large part of Nevada and Utah, which would put it among the oldest lakes in North America. At its height during the most recent ice age, the lake would have been about 900 feet (270 m) deep. Prominent old shore lines, called strandlines by geologists, can be seen west of the Lake. Currently, Mono Lake is in a geologically active area at the north end of the Mono–Inyo Craters volcanic chain and is close to Long Valley Caldera. Volcanic activity continues in the Mono Lake vicinity: the most recent eruption occurred 350 years ago, resulting in the formation of Paoha Island. Panum Crater (on the south shore of the lake) is an example of a combined rhyolite dome and cinder cone. Tufa towers Many columns of limestone rise above the surface of Mono Lake. These limestone towers consist primarily of calcium carbonate minerals such as calcite (CaCO3). This type of limestone rock is referred to as tufa, which is a term used for limestone that forms in low to moderate temperatures. |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/21874566@N07/48822019643/ |
Author | RuggyBearLA |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by RuggyBearLA at https://flickr.com/photos/21874566@N07/48822019643. It was reviewed on 10 February 2021 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
10 February 2021
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 17:05, 10 February 2021 | ![]() | 3,000 × 2,000 (3.33 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by RuggyBearLA from https://www.flickr.com/photos/21874566@N07/48822019643/ with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D7100 |
Author | RuggyBearLA Photography |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 30/1 sec (30) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 640 |
Date and time of data generation | 23:49, 17 August 2019 |
Lens focal length | 16 mm |
User comments | RuggyBearLA Photography |
Width | 6,000 px |
Height | 4,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 22:13, 22 September 2019 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.31 |
Date and time of digitizing | 23:49, 17 August 2019 |
APEX shutter speed | −4.906891 |
APEX aperture | 2.970854 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 24 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 2570447 |
Lens used | 11.0-16.0 mm f/2.8 |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:13, 22 September 2019 |
Rating (out of 5) | 1 |
Unique ID of original document | 13E7B0A2B122A0B0964AC10D11CB16BD |
IIM version | 4 |