File:Mil Mi-28 (4322158290).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionMil Mi-28 (4322158290).jpg |
The Mil Mi-28 (NATO reporting name 'Havoc') is a Russian all-weather day-night military tandem two-seat anti-armour attack helicopter. It is a dedicated attack helicopter with no intended secondary transport capability, better optimized than the Mil Mi-24 for the anti-tank role. It carries a single gun in an undernose barbette, plus external loads carried on pylons beneath stub wings. Development began following completion of the Mi-24, a unique attack helicopter with transport capability, in 1972. The new design has a reduced transport capability (3 troops instead of 8), omitted the cabin, delivering better overall performance and higher top speed, important for its intended role fighting against tanks and enemy helicopters and covering helicopter landing operations. Initially, many different designs were considered, including an unconventional project with two main rotors, placed with engines on tips of wings (in perpendicular layout), and with an additional pusher propeller on the tail. In 1977, a preliminary design was chosen, in a classic single-rotor layout. It lost its similarity to the Mi-24, and even the canopies were smaller, with flat surfaces. Design work began on the Mi-28 began under Marat Tishchenko in 1980.[2] In 1981, a design and a mock-up were accepted. The prototype (no. 012) was first flown on 10 November 1982.[2] The second prototype (no. 022) was completed in 1983. In 1984 the Mi-28 completed the first stage of state trials, but in October 1984 the Soviet Air Force chose the more advanced Kamov Ka-50 as the new anti-tank helicopter. The Mi-28 development was continued, but given lower priority. In December 1987 Mi-28 production in Rosvertol in Rostov on Don was approved. A Mil Mi-28N on display In January 1988 the first Mi-28A prototype (no. 032) flew. It was fitted with more poerful engines and an "X" type tail rotor instead of the three-blade version. The Mi-28A debuted at the Paris Air Show in June 1989. In 1991 the second Mi-28A (no. 042) was completed. The Mi-28A program was cancelled in 1993 because it was deemed uncompetitive with the Ka-50, and in particular, it was not all-weather capable. Mil Mi-28 nose sensors Then the Mi-28N, was unveiled in 1995, the N designation meaning "night". The prototype (no. 014) first flew on 14 November 1996. The most significant feature is a radar in a round cover above the main rotor, similar to that of the American AH-64D Longbow Apache. Mi-28N also has improved Tor vision and an aiming device under the nose, including a TV camera and FLIR. Due to funding problems, development was interrupted. A second prototype with an improved rotor design was unveiled in March 2004 at Rosvertol. A changed military situation after the Cold War made specialized anti-tank helicopters, like Ka-50, less useful. On the other hand, its all-weather two-seater variant Ka-52 had worse performance due to increased weight. The advantages of the Mi-28N, like all-weather action ability, lower cost, and similarity to the Mi-24, have become important. In 2003, a chief of Russian Air Forces stated that the Mi-28N will become the standard Russian attack helicopter.[3] Mil Mi-28 gun mounting The first serial Mi-28N was passed to the Army. The aircraft joined the two pre-serial machines which were used for army trials. The aircraft entered service in 2006, along with the similar Ka-50/Ka-52. Up to 10 helicopters will be purchased in 2006[6] of total 300 to be purchased to 2015. An export variant of the Mi-28M, designated Mi-28NE, and a simpler day-helicopter variant, the Mi-28D, based on the Mi-28N design, but lacking radar and FLIR have also been developed. The Indian Military asked for a modified prototype of Mi-28 fitted with French and Belgian avionics. Russian manufacturers are discussing how to meet these requirements. Mi-28N General characteristics * Crew: two, pilot and weapons operator * Length: 17.01 m (55 ft 10 in) * Main rotor diameter: 17.20 m (56 ft 5 in) * Height: 3.82 m (12 ft 6 in) (without radar) * Main rotor area: 232.4 m² (2,500 ft²) * Empty: 7,890 kg (17,394 lb) * Loaded: 10,400 kg (22,930 lb) * Maximum takeoff: 12,100 kg (26,700 lb) * Powerplant: 2x Klimov TV3-117VM turboshafts, 1,640 kW (2,200 shp) each Performance * Maximum speed: 377 km/h (218 mph) * Range: 460 km (286 miles) * Service ceiling: 5,750 m (18,900 ft) * Rate of climb: 816 m/min (2,680 ft/min) * Main rotor loading: 45 kg/m² (9 lb/ft²) * Power/Mass: 0.31 kW/kg (0.19 hp/lb) Armament * 1x chin-mounted 30 mm Shipunov 2A42 cannon with 300 rounds (220° horizontal fire)* up to 2,400 kg (4,400 lb) of disposable stores on four hardpoints including bombs, rockets, gunpods, anti-tank and anti-air missiles. |
Date | |
Source | Mil Mi-28 |
Author | Dmitry Terekhov from Odintsovo, Russian Federation |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Dmitry Terekhov at https://www.flickr.com/photos/44400809@N07/4322158290. It was reviewed on 26 January 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
26 January 2015
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Exposure time | 1/160 sec (0.00625) |
F-number | f/5 |
ISO speed rating | 50 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:39, 21 August 2009 |
Lens focal length | 15.64 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS2 Windows |
File change date and time | 14:32, 22 August 2009 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Creative program (biased toward depth of field) |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:39, 21 August 2009 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.97 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
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Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 1,024 px |
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Date metadata was last modified | 18:32, 22 August 2009 |
IIM version | 2 |