File:Middle Bronze Age, Incomplete flanged palstave (FindID 570342-434515).jpg
Original file (4,724 × 3,543 pixels, file size: 4.96 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete flanged palstave | |||
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Photographer |
Birmingham Museums Trust, Teresa Gilmore, 2013-07-24 16:00:45 |
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Title |
Middle Bronze Age: Incomplete flanged palstave |
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Description |
English: An incomplete cast copper alloy palstave with raised flange facets dating from the Middle Bronze Age (1500 BC - 1150 BC).
The blade of the palstave is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and an incomplete convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. The sides of the blade are convex in shape. The blade (measured from the cutting edge to the stop ridge) is 96.18 mm long and the width of cutting edge is 56.31 mm. The thickness of the blade tip is 3.33 mm. The maximum thickness of the blade is 17.36mm (measured at thickest part below the stop ridge, the width at this point is 29.15 mm). The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt) is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part at the stop ridge. The septum (the area between the flange facets and the stop ridge) is 65.75 mm long, 16.03 mm wide, and 6.73 mm thick. The butt of the axe has been slightly damaged leaving two rounded corners with a gap between. The butt is 25.13 mm wide and 5.54 mm thick. The flange facets are fused to the stop ridge forming two sub-rectangular raised elements to haft the axe by. In total the palstave measures 166 mm in length, 56.54 mm wide (maximum) and 36.48 mm thick. It weighs 471.1 g. Several casting flaws in the form of air bubbles are present on the septum. The poor quality of the casting is confirmed by an xray of the palstave which demostrated several large air bubbles within the internal structure of the palstave. XRF (X Ray Fluorescence) of the surface corrosion indicates that the palstave has a composition of 76.24% Copper (Cu), 14.62% Tin (Sn), 0.48% Lead (Pb) and 0.41% Iron (Fe). The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface. The palstave has been kindly cleaned stabilised by Aimee Sims (Conservation Department, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery). Similar examples to this palstave can be seen in Savory, 1980; catalogue entries 171, 172, 175, and 263 (the Mynydd Ta-y-glannau, Cemmaes Hoard). All of these examples fit into the middle phase of the Middle Bronze Age (MBA II). Reference: |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Gwynedd | ||
Date | between 1500 BC and 1150 BC | ||
Accession number |
FindID: 570342 Old ref: WMID-FE8C24 Filename: WMID-FE8C24_3.jpg |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/434516 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/434516/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/570342 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License version 4.0 (verified 23 November 2020) | ||
Other versions |
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Object location | 52° 56′ 21.84″ N, 4° 18′ 22.1″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 52.939400; -4.306140 |
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Licensing
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 20:46, 30 January 2017 | 4,724 × 3,543 (4.96 MB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, create missing image based on cross-ref check. FindID 570342, ImageID 434515. |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot G9 |
Exposure time | 1/20 sec (0.05) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:10, 6 June 2013 |
Lens focal length | 12.733 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 7.0 Windows |
File change date and time | 11:56, 25 June 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:10, 6 June 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 5 |
APEX shutter speed | 4.3125 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 13,745.704467354 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 13,698.630136986 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Width | 4,724 px |
Height | 3,543 px |
Compression scheme | Uncompressed |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Number of components | 3 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 4,724 px |
Image height | 3,543 px |
Bits per component |
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Date metadata was last modified | 12:56, 25 June 2013 |