File:Microbiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid-notext.svg
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[edit]DescriptionMicrobiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid-notext.svg |
English: This diagram shows the metabolism of tryptophan to indole and indole derivatives in the colonic lumen. Clostridium sporogenes metabolizes indole into 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA), a highly potent neuroprotective antioxidant. In the intestine, IPA binds to pregnane X receptors (PXR) in intestinal cells, thereby facilitating mucosal homeostasis and barrier function. Following absorption and distribution to the brain, IPA confers a neuroprotective effect against cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. Lactobacillus species metabolize indole into indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) which acts on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in intestinal immune cells, in turn increasing interleukin-22 (IL-22) production. AhR activation markedly affects in gut immunity by supporting epithelial barrier function, increasing immune tolerance to commensal microbiota, and protecting against pathogenic infections. Indole itself acts as a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretagogue in intestinal L cells and as a ligand for AhR. Indole can also be metabolized by the liver to indoxyl sulfate, a compound that is detrimental to human health in high concentrations. Accumulation of indoxyl sulfate in blood plasma is toxic and associated with vascular disease and renal dysfunction. AST-120 (activated charcoal), an intestinal sorbent that is taken by mouth, adsorbs indole, in turn decreasing the concentration of indoxyl sulfate in blood plasma. |
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Source | Re-drawn from File:Microbiota-derived_3-Indolepropionic_acid.jpg; (April 2016). "Microbial metabolism of dietary components to bioactive metabolites: opportunities for new therapeutic interventions". Genome Med 8 (1): 46. DOI:10.1186/s13073-016-0296-x. PMID 27102537. PMC: 4840492. Figure 1: Molecular mechanisms of action of indole and its metabolites on host physiology and disease |
Author | User:Slashme, Zhang LS, Davies SS |
Other versions | File:Microbiota-derived 3-Indolepropionic acid.svg |
SVG development InfoField | ![]() This W3C-invalid diagram was created with Inkscape. ![]() This diagram uses embedded text that can be easily translated using a text editor. |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:23, 3 November 2017 | ![]() | 705 × 552 (94 KB) | Seppi333 (talk | contribs) | 1 last adjustment for the PXR ellipse |
03:01, 3 November 2017 | ![]() | 705 × 552 (94 KB) | Seppi333 (talk | contribs) | Slightly enlarged 3 ellipses corresponding to the tight junction, PXR, and AhR. | |
18:59, 2 November 2017 | ![]() | 705 × 552 (93 KB) | Slashme (talk | contribs) | Move "tight junction" circle to the right as requested. | |
23:08, 1 November 2017 | ![]() | 705 × 552 (94 KB) | Slashme (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description ={{en|1=This diagram shows the metabolism of tryptophan to indole and indole derivatives in the colonic lumen. ''Clostridium sporogenes'' metabolizes indole into [[:en:3-Indolepropionic acid|... |
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- Usage on en.wikipedia.org
- Tryptophan
- Human microbiome
- Gut microbiota
- Indole
- Clostridium sporogenes
- Gut–brain axis
- Template:Annotated image 4/transclusions
- 3-Indolepropionic acid
- User:Solarys-fr/Gut flora
- Talk:Human microbiome/Archive 1
- Template:Tryptophan metabolism by human microbiota
- Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Molecular Biology/Molecular and Cell Biology/Archive 8
- Indoxyl sulfate
- Indole-3-carbaldehyde
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