File:Medieval Papal bulla (FindID 198014).jpg
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Captions
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Summary
[edit]Medieval Papal bulla | |||
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Photographer |
Norfolk County Council, Ellen Bales, 2007-10-22 16:38:20 |
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Title |
Medieval Papal bulla |
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Description |
English: Medieval lead papal bulla or seal of Innocent V (1276). The bulla is in reasonable condition, having a powdery white patina on both sides, and a slight bending of the upper edge. Obverse: INNO/CENTIUS/:PP:U’. The reverse bears the standard depiction of SS Paul and Peter in their pelleted aureoles.
The obverse survives in far better condition than the reverse, although the surface is finely cracked and crazed. There are a few potential die-flaws but because the surface patina is slightly rough and there is some corrosion, this cannot be certain. The flan is moulded off-centre and so the number of surrounding pellets cannot now be counted. The reverse is far rougher and pitted, the upper half inscription (‘SPA SPE’) being almost illegible. The reverse is sealed at 3º to the obverse, a tight sealing. Innocent V was elected on 21st January 1276 and consecrated on 22nd February but reigned only until 22nd June that year when he died. Innocent was the first Dominican to be elected pope and began discussions with the eastern emperor, Michael, on the subject of a new crusade. However, he died before anything could come of this, and was succeeded by an equally short-lived pope, Hadrian V. Despite being such a short-lived pope, another example of his bulla has been found, coming from excavations on the Cathedral Green at Winchester (SF2526). This latter find is in mint condition and helps suggest some irregularities on both bullae are indeed die-flaws. |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Norfolk | ||
Date |
1276 date QS:P571,+1276-00-00T00:00:00Z/9 |
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Accession number |
FindID: 198014 Old ref: NMS-E18AA0 Filename: NMD May 07 38.jpg |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/154348 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/154348/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/198014 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License version 4.0 (verified 21 November 2020) |
Licensing
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 15:44, 4 February 2017 | ![]() | 726 × 1,181 (752 KB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, NMS, FindID: 198014, medieval, page 4888, batch sort-updated count 48265 |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Image title |
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Camera manufacturer | Minolta Co., Ltd. |
Camera model | DiMAGE 7i |
Exposure time | 1/180 sec (0.0055555555555556) |
F-number | f/3.5 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 19:09, 13 June 2007 |
Lens focal length | 50.48046875 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 2.0 |
File change date and time | 11:38, 22 October 2007 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 19:09, 13 June 2007 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX brightness | 6.1 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.5 APEX (f/3.36) |
Metering mode | Spot |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 199 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Macro |
IIM version | 2 |