File:Mediæval and modern history (1920) (14773500402).jpg

Identifier: medivalmodernh00myer (find matches)
Title: Mediæval and modern history
Year: 1920 (1920s)
Authors: Myers, P. V. N. (Philip Van Ness), 1846-1937
Subjects: Middle Ages History, Modern World War, 1914-1918
Publisher: Boston, New York (etc.) Ginn and company
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: Sloan Foundation

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a, whichhad a great past and enjoyed a vast prestige at the Europeancourts, was in reality the stronger state. Her strength lay par-ticularly in the homogeneous, essentially German, character ofher population. Austria was inherently weak because of themixed non-German character of most of the territories that hadbeen gradually united under the rule of the Hapsburgs. Thegreater part of their lands lay outside of the German Confeder-ation and contained nearly twenty-five million Slavs, Magyars,Italians, and other non-German subjects. This difference in the character of the populations of Prussiaand the Austrian Empire foreshadowed their divergent destinies,—foreshadowed that Austria should lose and that Prussia shouldgain the leadership in German affairs. 635. The Dual Movement towards Freedom and Union.For a half century after the Congress of Vienna the history ofGermany is the history of a dual movement, or perhaps it wouldbe better to say two movements, one democratic and the other
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§ 636) THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1830 555 national in character. The aim of the first movement was theestabHshment -of representative government in the different statesof the Confederation; the aim of the second was German unity.These movements were essentially the same as those which wehave seen creating in the Italian peninsula a free and united Italy.By what methods they were carried on here in Germany and inwhat measure their aims were attained will appear in the followingpages. 636. The Revolutions of 1830; Some Gains for Constitu-tional Government. There were a few liberal-minded princesamong the German rulers; but in general the faces of these princeswere turned towards the past. They opposed all changes that wouldgive the people any part in the government, and clung to the oldorder of things. We have seen what were the consequences ofthe reactionary policy of the Bourbons in France and of thedespots in Italy. Events ran exactly the same course in Germany.When the news of the July Re

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