File:Manilla (FindID 249249).jpg
Original file (2,272 × 1,704 pixels, file size: 1.26 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]Manilla | |||
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Photographer |
Gwynedd Archaeological Trust, Nina Steele, 2009-03-10 11:17:52 |
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Title |
Manilla |
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Description |
English: A ‘manilla’: a penannular copper alloy ring with flared terminals, used as currency with West African countries and associated with the slave trade.
The object was cast-in-one (a slight ridge around the item denotes that the casting took place in a bivalve mould) in accordance with West African tastes and to reflect the types of items the people were accustomed to (Anon.). These items, known as ‘manillas’ (the Portuguese word for bracelet), can vary in size and style and were treated as ingots. They were usually made in Europe to exchange for trade items including slaves, in countries such as Nigeria, and were commonly used from the late 15th century until the 19th century, although some were still used in the earlier half of the 20th century. Manillas are also sometimes known as ‘bracelet money’ or ‘legband money’ and they mimic the bracelets worn to display wealth, although bracelets or legbands were used to store and display wealth in West Africa long before the local populations had any sea contact with Europeans (Seman, n.d.). Manillas are also depicted in portraits of Portuguese traders and denote their wealth. They were usually melted down and recast when they reached Africa. This meant that manillas were regarded as currency rather than jewellery and led to mass production in standardised sizes for trading purposes (Anon.). This manilla is likely to be of the type classified as ‘Late British’ (Seman, n.d.) and may have been made in Birmingham (ibid.; Reid, 2005). |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Gwynedd | ||
Date | POST MEDIEVAL | ||
Accession number |
FindID: 249249 Old ref: GAT-649317 Filename: PRN_24136-005.JPG |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/204261 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/204261/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/249249 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License |
Object location | 53° 05′ 30.48″ N, 4° 19′ 48.36″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 53.091800; -4.330100 |
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Licensing
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File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 23:34, 10 April 2019 | 2,272 × 1,704 (1.26 MB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, GAT, FindID: 249249, post medieval, page 22110, batch count 7485 |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON |
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Camera model | E4500 |
Exposure time | 5/63 sec (0.079365079365079) |
F-number | f/3.4 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:50, 8 October 2008 |
Lens focal length | 16 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | E4500v1.2 |
File change date and time | 13:50, 8 October 2008 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:50, 8 October 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.8 APEX (f/2.64) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 77 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
IIM version | 2 |