File:Mangrove river.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionMangrove river.jpg |
English: Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The remaining mangrove forest areas of the world in 2000 was 53,190 square miles (137,760 km²) spanning 118 countries and territories.[1][2] The word is used in at least three senses: (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal,[3][page needed] for which the terms mangrove forest biome, mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangrove swamp, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. The term "mangrove" comes to English from Spanish (perhaps by way of Portuguese), and is of Caribbean origin, likely Taíno. It was earlier "mangrow" (from Portugues mangue or Spanish mangle), but this was corrupted via folk etymology influence of "grove".The mangrove biome, or mangal, is a distinct saline woodland or shrubland habitat characterized by a depositional coastal environments, where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high-energy wave action. Mangroves dominate three quarters of tropical coastlines.[4] The saline conditions tolerated by various mangrove species range from brackish water, through pure seawater (30 to 40 ppt), to water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 90 ppt).[4][5] |
Date | |
Source | Own work |
Author | Jonathan Wilkins |
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This image was uploaded as part of Wiki Loves Earth 2015.
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current | 22:19, 14 May 2015 | 4,368 × 2,912 (3.57 MB) | Jonathan Wilkins (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 5D |
Author | Jonathan Wilkins |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/250 sec (0.004) |
F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 250 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:07, 9 July 2008 |
Lens focal length | 200 mm |
Label | Approved |
Image title |
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Short title |
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Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 230 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 230 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Windows |
File change date and time | 18:36, 22 June 2012 |
Exposure Program | Shutter priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:07, 9 July 2008 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.965784 |
APEX aperture | 7.400879 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 3,086.925795053 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 3,091.2951167728 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Serial number of camera | 520304354 |
Lens used | EF70-200mm f/2.8L IS USM |
Owner of camera | Jonathan Wilkins |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:10, 22 June 2012 |
Unique ID of original document | 03814495BA71889BDBE658403FF77EEF |
Copyright status | Copyrighted |
Keywords |
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IIM version | 4 |