File:Les temples du rivage (Mahabalipuram, Inde) (13949513945).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionLes temples du rivage (Mahabalipuram, Inde) (13949513945).jpg |
Relief Somaskanda d'une des deux chapelles du temple secondaire du rivage (ou temple de la grève) montrant Shiva, Parvati/Uma et leur fils Skanda Le motif du Somaskanda est fréquemment représenté durant la dynastie des Pallavas Le temple du rivage a été construit en pierre à Mahabalipuram sur la grève à proximité des temples monolithes sur le modèle du Dharmaraja Ratha (voir photos précédentes) qui est à l'origine du style dravidien classique. Il date du règne de Rajasimha (690-715) de la dynastie des Pallavas. C'est un temple, dédié à Shiva, construit sur une base carrée, surmontée d'une tour pyramidale élevée à gradins ornés de répliques de sanctuaires en bois à toit en berceau. Il reflète la cosmogonie hindoue car il est conçu comme un mandala en trois dimensions. L'entrée de la cella se trouve à l'est du coté de la mer pour que les premiers rayons du soleil y pénètrent et que les marins voient, depuis leurs bateaux, le Lingam, symbole de Shiva. La nuit, une lampe placée sur un haut pilier était allumée pour signaler le mouillage. Le temple est entouré d'une enceinte dont les murs comportent de multiples taureaux Nandin, la monture de Shiva et qui comprend des bassins qui étaient alimentés en eau douce. Cette dernière caractéristique a fait dire aux historiens que ce temple était lié au culte de l'eau. Un autre temple, de forme semblable mais à la pyramide moins élevée, a été édifié à l'ouest et ouvert sur la ville comme le préconisaient les textes canoniques. référence : "Architecture universelle, Inde" par Andreas Volwahsen, Office du livre, Fribourg, 1968 |
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Date | |||
Source | Les temples du rivage (Mahabalipuram, Inde) | ||
Author |
Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France | ||
Note InfoField |
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Camera location | 12° 36′ 59.08″ N, 80° 11′ 58.58″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 12.616411; 80.199605 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by dalbera at https://www.flickr.com/photos/72746018@N00/13949513945. It was reviewed on 9 December 2014 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
9 December 2014
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current | 16:40, 1 January 2015 | 894 × 1,194 (432 KB) | Medium69 (talk | contribs) | Cropped 1 % horizontally and 1 % vertically using CropTool with precise mode. | |
15:36, 9 December 2014 | 900 × 1,200 (1,003 KB) | Medium69 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | SONY |
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Camera model | DSC-HX200V |
Exposure time | 1/25 sec (0.04) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
ISO speed rating | 800 |
Date and time of data generation | 09:56, 18 March 2014 |
Lens focal length | 6.5 mm |
Latitude | 12° 36′ 59.08″ N |
Longitude | 80° 11′ 58.58″ E |
JPEG file comment | CREATOR: gd-jpeg v1.0 (using IJG JPEG v80), quality = 90 |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 350 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 350 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 12.0 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 15:20, 20 April 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 09:56, 18 March 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 4.6438561438561 |
APEX aperture | 3.3561438092556 |
APEX brightness | 0.009375 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.3561438092556 APEX (f/3.2) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 04:26 |
Receiver status | Measurement in progress |
Measurement mode | 2-dimensional measurement |
Measurement precision | Poor (5.2199000454339) |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 11.7 |
Reference for direction of movement | True direction |
Direction of movement | 78.95 |
Reference for direction of image | Magnetic direction |
Direction of image | 122 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 18 March 2014 |
GPS differential correction | 0 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Lens used | 4.8-144.0 mm f/2.8-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 17:20, 20 April 2014 |
Unique ID of original document | 49E058430DD392A89D7F2F50AA01C009 |