File:Lenski's 12 long-term lines of E. coli on 25 June 2008.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionLenski's 12 long-term lines of E. coli on 25 June 2008.jpg |
English: Photograph of Richard Lenski's long-term evolution experiment with E. coli taken on 25 June 2008. Each flask harbors one of the 12 evolving populations. The photo was taken about 24 h after the cultures were serially transferred, hence they are at stationary phase. The populations grow in DM25 medium, which contains a relatively low glucose concentration so that the culture is not very turbid. However, one population, designated Ara-3, evolved to use the citrate that is also present in the medium. It has a much greater density of cells than the others, and it is therefore much more turbid, owing to the high concentration of citrate in the medium supporting greater cell growth. Русский: Колбы с 12 популяциями E. coli, участвующими в долговременном эколюционном эксперименте Ричарда Ленски, 25 июня 2008. Культуры перенесены в свежую питательную среду 24 часа назад и уже находятся в стационарной фазе (т.е. глюкоза уже кончилась, деление клеток прекратилось). Популяция взращиваются в питательной среде DM25, которая содержит относительно небольшое количество глюкозы, так что плотность культур не очень велика. Однако одна из популяций, обозначенная как Ara-3, приноровилась питаться цитратом, который тоже входит в состав питательной среды. Это позволило ей достигнуть большей плотности (жидкость в колбе А-3 заметно более мутная, чем в других колбах). |
Date | |
Source | http://myxo.css.msu.edu/ecoli/citrateflasksphotos.html |
Author | Brian Baer and Neerja Hajela |
Other versions | Image:Lenski's long-term lines of E. coli on 25 June 2008, close-up of citrate mutant.jpg |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot SD1100 IS |
Exposure time | 1/8 sec (0.125) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:00, 25 June 2008 |
Lens focal length | 6.2 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 60 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 60 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS3 Windows |
File change date and time | 13:30, 25 June 2008 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:00, 25 June 2008 |
Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 3 |
APEX aperture | 2.96875 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 14,506.666666667 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 14,485.207100592 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |