File:Large quartz crystal (46350504072).jpg
Original file (2,121 × 1,503 pixels, file size: 1.83 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionLarge quartz crystal (46350504072).jpg |
(public display, Cincinnati Museum of Natural History & Science, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) (photo by Mary Ellen St. John) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5400 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. The silicates are the most abundant and chemically complex group of minerals. All silicates have silica as the basis for their chemistry. "Silica" refers to SiO2 chemistry. The fundamental molecular unit of silica is one small silicon atom surrounded by four large oxygen atoms in the shape of a triangular pyramid - this is the silica tetrahedron - SiO4. Each oxygen atom is shared by two silicon atoms, so only half of the four oxygens "belong" to each silicon. The resulting formula for silica is thus SiO2, not SiO4. The simplest & most abundant silicate mineral in the Earth's crust is quartz (SiO2). All other silicates have silica + impurities. Many silicates have a significant percentage of aluminum (the aluminosilicates). Quartz (silicon dioxide/silica - SiO2) is the most common mineral in the Earth's crust. It is composed of the two most abundant elements in the crust - oxygen and silicon. It has a glassy, nonmetallic luster, is commonly clearish to whitish to grayish in color, has a white streak, is quite hard (H≡7), forms hexagonal crystals, has no cleavage, and has conchoidal fracture. Quartz can be any color: clear, white, gray, black, brown, pink, red, purple, blue, green, orange, etc. Photo gallery of quartz: <a href="http://www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3337" rel="noreferrer nofollow">www.mindat.org/gallery.php?min=3337</a> |
Date | |
Source | Large quartz crystal |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/46350504072 (archive). It was reviewed on 5 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
5 December 2019
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current | 02:08, 5 December 2019 | 2,121 × 1,503 (1.83 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot S2 IS |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:23, 20 March 2007 |
Lens focal length | 9.7 mm |
Width | 2,592 px |
Height | 1,944 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 22:11, 20 December 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:23, 20 March 2007 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 3.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, auto mode, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 11,520 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 11,571.428571429 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Unique ID of original document | CB48C44D5727DBBF711E12361F7CFEAB |
Date metadata was last modified | 17:11, 20 December 2018 |
IIM version | 32,767 |