File:Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of (14747248661).jpg

Identifier: keytonorthameric00coues (find matches)
Title: Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and Lower California, with which are incorporated General ornithology: an outline of the structure and classification of birds; and Field ornithology, a manual of collecting, preparing, and preserving birds
Year: 1896 (1890s)
Authors: Coues, Elliott, 1842-1899
Subjects: Birds Birds
Publisher: Boston, Estes and Lauriat
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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een to diverge from the tracheal lateral line to go to ends of the bronchial semi-rings. The student will understand that my description is particular only as regards the oscinesyrinx; that in birds at large every possible modification, almost, of lower tracheal and upperbronchial rings occurs, and with various musculation, or with none. The nou-oscine rule forthe muscles is, one on each side, if any ; and insertion into mid-parts, not ends, of the bronchialhalf-rings. The latter character chiefiy distinguishes the uon-oscine syrinx when it has sev-eral muscles. As to situations of the syrinx, three have been recognized : the ordinary broncho-tracheal, in formation of which both bronchi and trachea take part; the tracheal, only knownto occur in some American Passeres, as in Thamnophilus and Opetiorhynchus, situated whollyin the trachea, the lower part of which is extensively membranous ; and the bronchial, whollyin the bronchi, as in Crotophaga and Steatornis. 206 GENERAL ORNITHOLOGY.
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Fig. 101. — Respiratory and vocal organs of the Rook, Corvus frugilegus, an Oscine Passerine bird; nat. size,after Macgillivray. 1. a, tongue; h, basi-branchial, commonly called uro-hyal; c, c, horns of hyoid bone; d.d,genio-hyoid muscles; t, e, stylo-hyoid muscles; /,/, cleido-hyoid muscles; g, h, i, oesophagus;./, proventriculus;or secretory stomach; A, gizzard, or gigerium, the muscular stomach; /, m, »i, ?!, intestine, duodenum to rectum; THE ANATOMY OF BIRDS. ~PNEUMATOLOGY. 207 o, p, trachea, or windpipe ; q, inferior larynx, or syrinx ; r, r, right and left bronchus : ss, ss, contractor musclesof trachea; f, t, lungs, with u, ii, apertures communicating with thoracic air-cells ; v, v, v, three pairs of muscularslips answering to a rudimentary diaphragm; 1,2,3, 4,5,6,7, as many ribs. — 2. Hyoidbone; a, glosso-hyal, tippedwith cartilage, its posterior horns being cerato-hyals proper; b, basi-hyal; c, basi-branchial proper, commonlycalled uro-hyal; d, d, cerato-branchials prop

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