File:Jeune femme traversant le boulevard by Jean Béraud.png

In the present work, executed circa 1897, Jean Béraud turns his eye to the urban bustle as a Parisienne, dressed warmly against the cold, shopping in hand, is about to step off the curb, perhaps to catch a ride from the fiacre (hackney carriages that could be hired for a fixed rate) driving up the boulevard Montmartre (Offenstadt, p. 107). A group of boulevardiers stand in conversation in front of the Café Royal, located steps away from the Théâtre des Variétés and the Musée Grevin, founded in 1882 and famous for its wax figures (both establishments remain open today). At the center of Béraud’s composition stands one of Paris’ most recognizable cultural landmarks, a colonne Morris, which takes its name from the company that received the exclusive order for advertising columns from Baron Haussmann in 1868. Gabriel Morris, a printer and typographer, had invented the columns in 1860 as an ingenious method to both display playbills and allow street-sweepers to store their equipment in the hollow core (Offenstadt, p. 103, fig. 1).