File:Jahangir1620max.jpg
Original file (1,292 × 2,000 pixels, file size: 384 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]Abu al-Hasan: Emperor Jahangir at the Jharoka Window | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artist |
artist QS:P170,Q335531 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Title | |||||||||||||||||||||
Object type | folio / manuscript illumination | ||||||||||||||||||||
Description |
English: Jharoka scenes such as the one shown in the present example are common in Mughal painting, illustrating the importance of the darbar ceremony, where rulers give public audiences. Such audiences regularly followed another ceremony known as darshan, which emphasized the idea of the divinely illuminated ruler through ritual performance. Akbar (r. 1556-1605 CE) initiated this ritual during his reign; the emperor would appear before his subjects each morning before sunrise, so he could see and be seen by them, as suggested by the name darshan (Sanskrit for “sight” and “beholding”) (Necipoÿlu 1993, p. 314). As Abu’l Fazl, Akbar’s close friend, advisor, and biographer, described: "Royalty is a light emanating from God, and a ray from the sun, the illuminator of the universe.... Modern language calls this light farr-i izad-i (the divine light), and the tongue of antiquity called it kiyan khura (the sublime halo). It is communicated by God to kings without the intermediate assistance of anyone, and men, in the presence of it, bend the forehead of praise towards the ground of submission" (Abu al-Fazl 1977, 1:3). The darshan ceremony took place at the jharoka-i darshan, or the “balcony for viewing,” pictured here at top right, where Akbar’s son, the emperor Jahangir (r. 1605-27 CE) appears in profile view, and the darbar would follow just after. The structure in which the jharoka window appears resembles and is probably meant to represent the Shah Burj (Royal Tower), which was an octagonal tower with a white marble pavilion located at the Agra Fort. Sheila Canby notes that such scenes became popular under the reign of Jahangir and even more so under Shah Jahan (r. 1628-58 CE), when court rituals became even more codified (Canby 1998, p. 141). In this image, numerous figures have been identified by inscriptions appearing on their skirts; Nadir al-Zaman (Abu’l-Hasan), the artist to which the painting is ascribed, appears below the sage. Whether the audience illustrated in this painting actually occurred or not, the significance of the ceremony and the role it played for both ruler and subject is certain: “As the emperor stood framed by the jharoka-i darshan that overlooked the river, his gaze emanating from above assured the multitudes gathered below of his continuing existence, without which they feared the universe might collapse, while their upward gaze convinced him of the adoring devotion of his subjects” (Necipoÿlu, p. 314). |
||||||||||||||||||||
Depicted people | Jahangir I | ||||||||||||||||||||
Date | circa | ||||||||||||||||||||
Medium | gouache paint, ink, gold and paper | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dimensions |
height: 56 cm (22 in) ; width: 32 cm (12.5 in) dimensions QS:P2048,+56U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,+32U174728 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Collection |
institution QS:P195,Q4690937 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Accession number |
AKM136 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Place of creation | Mughal Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||
Inscriptions |
|
||||||||||||||||||||
References | |||||||||||||||||||||
Source/Photographer | http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1600_1699/agrafort/drawings/drawings.html | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other versions |
|
Licensing
[edit]Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This work is in the public domain in India because its term of copyright has expired.
The Indian Copyright Act applies in India to works first published in India. According to the Indian Copyright Act, 1957, as amended up to Act No. 27 of 2012 (Chapter V, Section 25):
You must also include a United States public domain tag to indicate why this work is in the public domain in the United States. Note that this work might not be in the public domain in countries that do not apply the rule of the shorter term and have copyright terms longer than life of the author plus 60 years. In particular, Mexico is 100 years, Jamaica is 95 years, Colombia is 80 years, Guatemala and Samoa are 75 years, and Switzerland and the United States are 70 years.
العربيَّة | বাংলা | Deutsch | English | français | हिन्दी | italiano | 日本語 | ಕನ್ನಡ | македонски | മലയാളം | मराठी | Nederlands | português do Brasil | sicilianu | தமிழ் | ತುಳು | اردو | 繁體中文 | +/− |
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 12:11, 22 April 2012 | 1,292 × 2,000 (384 KB) | Sridhar1000 (talk | contribs) |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
The following page uses this file:
File usage on other wikis
The following other wikis use this file:
- Usage on bn.wikipedia.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Phase One |
---|---|
Camera model | P 30+ |
Exposure time | 2,694/336,749 sec (0.0080000237565665) |
F-number | f/20 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:48, 27 February 2009 |
JPEG file comment | Created by fCoder Graphics Processor |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | GIMP 2.6.7 |
File change date and time | 20:34, 1 April 2011 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | 10 |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:48, 27 February 2009 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.96578 |
APEX aperture | 8.6439 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Light source | Flash |
DateTime subseconds | 176 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |