File:Inter loking machine.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionInter loking machine.jpg |
English: In railway signalling, an interlocking is an arrangement of signal apparatus that prevents conflicting movements through an arrangement of tracks such as junctions or crossings. The signalling appliances and tracks are sometimes collectively referred to as an interlocking plant. An interlocking is designed so that it is impossible to display a signal to proceed unless the route to be used is proven safe.
In North America, the official railroad definition of interlocking is: "An arrangement of signals and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence. Inter loking machine Type:mh175 Ser.no: 33796 Date:deg1958 Tokio japan吴语:連動装置(れんどうそうち、interlocking)とは、鉄道において転轍機と信号機の動作を制御し、列車が進行している間、転轍機が転換しないように鎖錠し、列車が進行中の進路に支障を来す他の進路が構成されないように、転轍機と信号機の動作に一定の連鎖関係を持たせる保安装置である。信号扱い手が結果として危険を招く転轍機や信号機の操作を行おうとしても、連動装置がそれを防ぐ。
一般に1つの停車場(駅、操車場、信号場)には1つの連動装置が備えられていて、構内の転轍機と信号機の動作を制御している。非常に広大で関係する転轍機や信号機の数が多く、連動装置が複雑になる場合には、適宜分割して複数設置される。集中連動方式を採用している路線では、1つの路線全体を管理する連動装置が設置され、駅間の閉塞の制御も連動装置が担当する。 Inter loking machine Type:mh175 Ser.no: 33796 Date:deg1958 Tokio japanItaliano: L'apparato centrale è l'insieme dei dispositivi, centralizzati in un unico posto di comando, per la manovra a distanza degli elementi presenti in una stazione ferroviaria (scambi, segnali ferroviari, passaggi a livello), il controllo dell'occupazione dei circuiti di binario, e la verifica dei collegamenti di sicurezza.
Il collegamento di sicurezza è l'elemento fondamentale affinché nella circolazione dei treni nelle stazioni non si creino situazioni di pericolo, legate a possibili collisioni fra i treni in movimento. Un collegamento di sicurezza è un vincolo di tipo meccanico, elettro-meccanico, elettrico o elettronico, per mezzo del quale tutti gli enti di una stazione (deviatoi, segnali, passaggi a livello, circuiti di binario) sono interconnessi in maniera tale che ogni movimento che avviene in stazione si sviluppi in maniera sicura rispetto ad altri movimenti che precedono, seguono o si effettuano contemporaneamente al movimento in atto[3]. Per esempio, il collegamento di sicurezza assicura che per la disposizione a via libera del segnale di protezione di una stazione, tutti gli enti interessati siano vincolati nella posizione richiesta fintanto che il movimento che li interessa non sia stato compiuto. Inter loking machine Type:mh175 Ser.no: 33796 Date:deg1958 Tokio japanDeutsch: Eine Verriegelung ist eine gewollte und zum Teil nötige Blockierung. Zur mechanischen Verriegelung werden Riegel verwendet. In der Elektrotechnik bezeichnet eine Verriegelung die beabsichtigte Blockierung eines Schaltgerätes durch ein anderes. Hier wird auch der englische Fachterminus Interlocking verwendet.
Eine Verriegelung soll ungewollte Zustände, Abläufe oder Ereignisse verhindern. Es soll so vermieden werden, dass versehentlich bestimmte Aktionen ausgeführt werden, die Schäden an Umwelt, technischen Geräten oder Gefahr für Leib und Leben verursachen können. Um eine Verriegelung aufzuheben ist in der Regel bewusstes Handeln nötig. Eine Verriegelung muss so ausgeführt sein, dass sie nicht versehentlich überwunden werden kann, gleichzeitig darf aber auch die Verriegelung selbst nicht (zu leicht) versehentlich eingeschaltet werden können. Letzteres könnte zum Ausfall von Maschinen und Anlagen führen. Inter loking machine Type:mh175 Ser.no: 33796 Date:deg1958 Tokio japan |
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Source | Own work |
Author | JavadEsmaeili |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D7200 |
Author | Javad Esmaeili Talkhab |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/80 sec (0.0125) |
F-number | f/4 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 18:50, 24 August 2020 |
Lens focal length | 62 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 22:55, 25 August 2020 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 18:50, 24 August 2020 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.321928 |
APEX aperture | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4 APEX (f/4) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 37 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 37 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 37 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 2,558.641204834 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 93 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 9418981 |
Lens used | 24.0-120.0 mm f/4.0 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 02:25, 26 August 2020 |
Unique ID of original document | 69E8CBC5A156F0F5FCB2338F337E0BC0 |