File:Initiation of DNA demethylation at a CpG site.svg

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Initiation or DNA demethylation at a CpG site.

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Description
English: Initiation of DNA demethylation at a CpG site. In adult somatic cells DNA methylation typically occurs in the context of CpG dinucleotides (CpG sites), forming 5-methylcytosine-pG, or 5mCpG. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may attack guanine at the dinucleotide site, forming 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and resulting in a 5mCp-8-OHdG dinucleotide site. The base excision repair enzyme OGG1 targets 8-OHdG and binds to the lesion without immediate excision. OGG1, present at a 5mCp-8-OHdG site recruits TET1 and TET1 oxidizes the 5mC adjacent to the 8-OHdG. This initiates demethylation of 5mC.[1]
Date
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Author Bernstein0275

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  1. ↑ (September 2016). "OGG1 is essential in oxidative stress induced DNA demethylation". Cell. Signal. 28 (9): 1163–71. DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.021. PMID 27251462.

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