File:Image from page 483 of "Bulletin" (1901).jpg

English: Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: dissimilarity the distinctions are due al- most entirely to manner of formation and included foreign substances. Such impurities, though they make up a very small percentage of the stone, produce upon exposure to atmospheric influences an infinite variety of coloring and great diversity of texture. The flints as thus defined were extensively employed by the aborigines in the manufacture of chipped implements, and the implements themselves are sometimes referred to as "flints." See Chalcedony, Chert, Quartz, Mines and Quarries. (g. f. w. h. h. ) Flint disks. Flatfish objects of circu- lar, elliptical, or almond-like outline pro- duced by chipping away the outer por- tions of nodules having these approximate forms. The question has been earnestly debated whether these and kindred forms were for any practical or economic use, or whetherthey had some occult significance as votive offerings. They are very seldom found iu graves and infrequently on vil- lage sites or about shops where imple- ments were made. INIany of them are of the blue nodular hornstone found in s. Illinois, in the vicini- ty of Wyandotte cave in s. Indiana, and in w. Kentucky and Tennessee, but no record has yet been made of the discovery in large numbers of such disks in any of these localities except the first. The range in size is generally from 3 to 8 in. in length or diameter, though a few exceed the latter dimension. The finest specimen known is from Tennessee; it is almost exactly circular, made of the Stewart co. flint, about 1 in. thick and 9 in. across. Flint disks as well as the more leaf-like blades are usually found in deposits or caches containing numerous nearly identical specimens. See Cache disks and blades, Storage and CacJies. (w. h. h. ) Florida Indians. A term almost as vague as the ancient geographic concep- tion of Florida itself, used (Doc. Col. Hist. N. Y., VI, 243, 1855) to designate Indians who robbed a vessel stranded on the Florida keys in 1741-42. School- craft (Ind. Tribes, vi, 47, 1857) refers to it as a term vaguely applied to the "Apa- lachian group of tribes." (a. s. g. ) Flowpahhoultin. As small body of Sal- ish of Fraser superintendencv, Brit. Col., in 1878.—Can. Ind. Aff., 79,'1878. Flunmuda. A former village, presum- ably Costanoan, connected with Dolores mission, San Francisco, Cal.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Oct. 18, 1861. Flint Disk; Tennessee, (diam., 9 IN.) Focomae. A Dieguefio rancheria rep- resented in the treaty of 1852 at Santa Isabel, s. Cal.—H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 132, 1857. Folk-lore, See Mytholocju. Fond du Lac. A Chippewa band re- siding on St Louis r., near Fond du Lac, E. Minnesota. They are now under the White Earth agency, numbering 107 in 1905. (j. M.) Food. The areas occupied by the In- dians may be classed as supplying, pre- dominantly, animal food, vegetalfood, and mixed diet. . No strictlines separate these classes, so that in regions where it is com- monly said that the tribes are meat eaters exclusively, vegetal food is also of impor- tance, and vice versa. Vegetal food stuffs are (1) preagricultural, or the gather- ing of self-sown fruits, nuts, seecls, and

Text Appearing After Image: MONO WOMEN HARVESTING SEEDS. (SANTA FE RAILWAY) roots; and (2) agricultural, or {a) the raising of root crops, originating in the harvesting of roots of wild plants, and (5) of cereal products, consisting chiefly of maize (q. v. ) grown by the majority of the tribes, and wild rice (q. v.) in the area of the u{)per lakes, where a sort of semiagriculture was practised to some extent. (See Agriculture.) Animal food was obtained from the game of the environment, and the settle- ment and movements of some tribes de- pended largely on the location or range of animals, such as the buffalo, capable of furnishing an adequate food supply; while on the other hand, the limit of habitat of water animals, as the sahnon, tended to restrict the range of other tribes to the places where the supply could be gath- ered. No pure hunter stage can be found, if it ever existed, for while the capture of animals devolved on the man and the preparation of food on the woman, the latter added to the diet substances derived from the vegetal kingdom. Similarly no purely agricultural stage with exclusively I

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