File:Image from page 476 of "Bulletin" (1901).jpg

English: Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: BULL. 30] FIFE FIRE-MA KING 459 Fife. An Upper Creek chief, called James or Jim Fife, who flourished in the early years of the 19th century, and whose importance arose chiefly from the aid he rendered Gen. Jackson in the latter's tight with the Creeks, Jan. 22, 1814, on Talla- poosa r. near the mouth of Emuckfau cr., Ala. In this battle, Fife, who had joined Jackson with 200 warriors at Talladega, not only saved Coffee's division from de- feat when hard pressed by fearful odds, but turned the tide of battle in favor of Jackson's army. "But for the prompt- ness of Fife and his warriors," says Drake (Ind. Chiefs, 104, 1832), "doubtless the Americans must have retreated." He signed the treaty of Indian Springs, Ga., Feb. 12, 1825, only as representing Talladega, and is not included among "the chiefs and headmen of the Creek nation" who signed the supplementary treaty. (c. t. ) Fife's Village. A former Upper Creek village situated a few miles e. of Talladega, Ala.—Royce in 18th Rep. B. A. E., pi. cviii, 1899. Fightingtown (mistranslation of Walds^- unuMi'ii}, 'i^lace of the plant walas- unuUsti', i. e., 'frog tights with it'). A former Cherokee settlement on Fighting- town cr., near Morgan ton, Fannin co., Ga.—Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 545, 1900. Finhalui {Fm-halni, 'high log'). A former Lower Creek town, probably in Georgia, with 187 heads of families in 1832. A swamp bearing the name Fin- holoway is in Wayne co., Ga., between lower Altamaha and Satilla rs. ( a. s. g. ) Fin-'halui.—Gatschet, Creek, Migr. Leg., i, 130, 1884. High Log.—Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iv, 578, 1864. Finhioven {Fin-hi-nven). A chief of the Kadohadacho in 1771. He guided the Wichita from upper Red r. to Natchito- ches, La., and witnessed the treaty made between the latter tribe and the Spanish governors of Louisiana and Texas, Oct. 27, 1771. He is referred to in the man- uscript record of this event as "gran cas- ique" of the Kadohadacho. ( h. e. b. ) Fire Lodge. One of the former Dakota bands below L. Traverse, ]Minn.—Ind. Aff. Rep. 1859, 102, 1860. Fire-making. Two methods of making fire were in use among the American aborigines at the time of the discovery. The first method, by tlint-and-pyrites (the progenitor of tiint-and-steel), was prac- tised by the Eskimo and by the northern Athapascan and Algonquian tribes rang- ing across the continent from Stikine r. in Alaska to Newfoundland and around the entire Arctic coast, and also through- out New England; as well as by the tribes of the N. Pacific coast. The inference is that this method of fire-making at one time was general in this area, but the ob- servations on which its distribution is based are from widely separated localities in which it is invariably used in connec- tion with fire-making by wood friction. It appears jirobable thatflint-and-pyrites, in view of its distribution in northern Europe, was introduced into America through Scandinavian contact, or is ac- cultural either from Europe or Asia. The Hint-and-steel is clearly an introduction of recent times. The second method, by reciprocating motion of wood on wood and igniting the ground-off particles through heat gener- ated by friction, was widespread in America, where it was the most valued

Text Appearing After Image: MAKING FIRE WITH SIMPLE ROD DRILL REVOLVED BETWEEN THE hands; HUPA as well as the most effectual process known to the aborigines. The apparatus, in its simplest form, consists of a slender rod or drill and a lower piece or hearth, near the border of which the drill is worked by twisting between the palms, cutting a socket. From the socket a nar- row canal is cut in the edge of the hearth, the function of which is to collect the powdered wood ground off by the friction of the drill, as within this wood meal the heat rises totheignition point. This is the simplest and most widely diffused type of fire-generating apparatus known to unciv- ilized man. Among the Eskimo and some other tribes the simple two-piece fire drill became a machine by the use of a hand

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