File:Image from page 230 of "Outing" (1885) (14595673800).jpg

Identifier: outing51newy Title: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookidouting51newy">Outing</a> Year: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookyear1885">1885</a> (<a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookdecade1880">1880s</a>) Authors: Subjects: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksubjectLeisure">Leisure</a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksubjectSports">Sports</a> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksubjectTravel">Travel</a> Publisher: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookpublisher_New_York___Outing_Pub__Co__">[New York : Outing Pub. Co.]</a> Contributing Library: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/bookcontributorTisch_Library">Tisch Library</a> Digitizing Sponsor: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/tags/booksponsorBoston_Library_Consortium_Member_Libraries">Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries</a>

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Text Appearing Before Image: atest division in thegasoline machine was the problem of howto cool the engine. Its parts were boundto get hot from the constant explosionsand friction, and the problem of how tokeep them cool without adding greatly ■■ ■^ I SlglB s^?5£^ mm S TO %^> ;-c 1 Jf.-.---\ m 1 Tk- ■-- ft ) *A»^wk_.._-2 -■ The first car built by Haines and Apperson in 1894,containing Mr. Haines, the Apperson brothers,and Mr. J. D. Maxwell. to the weight of the car and consequentlydecreasing its speed and durability wasone which was constantly in the mindsof the manufacturers. As early as 1894George Lewis invented a system of watercooling which proved successful, but in theyears which followed almost every makerof cars tried to make improvements in thisregard. Several of the men experimenting on theproblem of how a cooling system could bestbe adapted to the needs of the industry,believed that the engines could be cooledwithout a water jacket by the air which thecar stirred up as it moved. In other

Text Appearing After Image: The Studebaker plant in South Bend, where automobiles have been added to the carriage business. 214 The Outing Magazine words, they thought that instead of apply-ing a cold water bottle a larger windowwould do the trick as well. The makerswho finally solved the difficulty at almostthe same time did it in entirely differentways. Henry Knox, in Springfield, Mass.,kept his engine cool by substitutingthreaded pins for the flanges which hadpreviously been used. In this way he gota broader surface of his engine exposed tothe air or opened a wider window. Thesolution of John Wilkinson of the FranklinCompany of Syracuse, was even simpler.He divided his engine into four small ele-ments and gave it a larger radiating surfaceto keep it cool. He also invented anauxilliary escape valve and expelled alarger per cent, of the burned out gaseswhich tended to heat the engine. Allthese improvements v/ere made on carsdriven by exploded gasoline. At the same time men were bringing toperfection cars propel

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