File:Image from page 203 of "Bulletin" (1901).jpg

English: Title: Bulletin

Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image: 186 CAHOKIA MOUND CAITSODAMMO [b. a. e. Perkins and Peck, Annals of the West, 69, 1850. Kaoueohias.—Force, Inds. of Ohio, 21, 1879. Kaoii- kia.—Gravier (1701) in Shea, Early Voy., 118,1861. KaHkias.—Shea, ihid., 60. Kavvachias.—Shea, Rel. Miss, dn Mississip]ii, 36, 1861. Kavvchias.—St Cosine ( 169',i) in Shea, Early Voy., 67, isiil. Kavve- chias.—Ibid.,66. Kavvkias.—Ibid.,60. Kawkias.— Ibid., 61. Kerokias.—Chauvignerie (17S6) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, in, 555,1853. Koakias.— Bos-n, Travels through La., 131, 1771. Ooukia.— AUouez (16.S0) in Margry, Dee., ll, 96, 1.^77. Taho- kias.—Browne in Beach, Ind. Miscel., 119, 1877. Cahokia Mound. The largest prehis- toric artilicial earthwork in the United States, situated in Madison co., 111., in what is known as the American bottom, about 6 m. e. of St Louis, Mo., and in plain view of the railroads entering that city from the e. Before their partial destruction by the plow the principal mound was surrounded by an extensive mound grouj), numbering, according to Brackenridge (Views La., 187, 1814), who visited the place in 1811, "45 mounds or pyramids, besides a great number of small artificial elevations." The name Cahokia is that of a tribe which formerly occu- pied a neighbor- ing village of the same name. In form the tumu- lus is a (juad- rangular pyra- mid with an ajjron, or terrace, extending from the s. side. The dimensions as given by Mc- Adams (Anti(i. of Cahokia or Monk's Mound, 2, 1883) are as follows: The base x. and s., 998 ft.; e. to w., 721 ft.; height, 99 ft.; height of lower terrace, 30 ft.; (jutward extent of terrace about 200 ft.; width about 500 ft. The area of the base of the mound is estimated at about 16 acres. On the w. side, some 30 ft. above the first terrace, there was a sec- ond slight terrace, now scarcely distin- guishable. Patrick, who studied the mound and its surroundings, and prepared a model which was cast in iron (now in the Peabody Museum at Cambridge, Mass.), represented a small level area or terrace some 3 or 4 ft. below the level top. Omit- ting the lower terrace and counting the diameters of the base as 721 and 798 ft., and the height as 99 ft., without regard to the upper level, the contents somewhat exceed 18,690,000 en. ft. Adding the terrace, 3,000,000 cu. ft., the total con- tents amount to 21,690,000 cu. ft. The wall of Ft Ancient, Ohio, has been fre- quently referred to as one of the most extensive ancient works of the United States, yet the contents of the Cahokia

Text Appearing After Image: CAHOKIA MOUND, ILLINOIS; HEIGHT, AS MEASURED BY GREATEST LENGTH, 998 FT. mound would form a wall of the same base and height exceeding 17 m. in length, or more than five times the length of the wall of Ft Ancient, and would have required, according to the usual method of calculation, the labor of 1,000 persons for 4| years, with the means that prehistoric Indians had at hand. The places from which the earth was taken are apparent from the depressions surrounding the Cahokia mound. In 1811, when visited by Brackenridge, the largest terrace was used by a colony of Trappists (whence sometimes the name Monk's Mound), who resided in several small cabins on one of the smaller mounds, which latter was cultivated as a kitchen garden. See Brackenridge, op. cit.; Bushnell, Cahokia and Surround- ing IMound (Troup, Peabody Mus. Publ., 1904; Conant, Footprints of Vanished Races, 1879; McAdams (1) Records of Ancient Races, 1887, (2) Antiquities of Cahokia, or Monk's Mound, 1883. (c. T.) Cahuabi. A Pa- pago village in Arizona, near the Sonora bor- der, with 350 in- habitants in 1863 and 80 familes in 1871. Cf. Gue- ra li. Cahuabi.—W^ilbur in Ind. Aff. Rep. 1871, 365, 1872. Cahua- bia, — Poston in Ind. Aff. Kep. 1863, 38.5, 1864. Cahua- vi.—Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 19, 1863. Cusbabi.— Browne, Apache Country, 291,1869 (misprint from Poston). Cahuenga. A former Gabrieleno ran- cheria in Los Angeles co., Cal. Cabeugna.—Ried (1852) quoted by Taylor in Cal. Farmer, June 8, 1860. Cabuenga.—Hoffman in Bull. Es.sex Inst., xvn,2,1885. Cahunghage. A former Iroquois village on the s. side of Oneida lake, N. Y. Cahunghage.—Esnauts and Rapillv, map, 1777. Cahung-Hage.—Alcedo, Die. Geog.", i, 303, 1786. Catumghage.—Lattre, map, 1784. Caiasban. An unidentified village or tribe mentioned in 1687 to Joutel (Mar- gry, Dec, III, 409, 1878), while he was staying with the Kadohadacho on Red r., of Louisiana, by the chief of that tribe as being among his enemies. Caicaches. A tribe said to have lived on the coast of Texas, but to have been extinct by 1850.—Bollaertin Jour. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., II, 265, 280, 1850. Caiman. A former Tepehuane pueblo in Jalisco, Mexico. San Francisco.—Lumholtz, Unknown Mex., I, 469, 1902 (proi)alily the same). S. Francisco del Caiman,—Orozeo y Berra, Geog., 281,1864. Caitsodammo. An unidentified village

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