File:Illustration of a hierarchical F-statistics analysis using eight populations.png

English: An illustration of a hierarchical F-statistics analysis using eight populations. CEU: Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection, TSI: Toscani in Italia, LWK: Luhya in Webuye, Kenya, MKK: Maasai in Kinyawa, Kenya, YRI: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria, CHB: Han Chinese in Beijing, China, CHD: Chinese in Metropolitan Denver, Colorado, JPT: Japanese in Tokyo, Japan.

Samples are organized in a three level structure of individuals, intra-continental populations, and continental populations. The relationships between the six fixation indices are depicted on the top left and follow the formulation of Eq. S1. For example, ${\displaystyle 1-F_{IT}=(1-F_{IC})(1-F_{CT})}$. Below are the F-statistics, calculated separately for autosomes, male X-chromosomes, and females X-chromosomes. The indices measuring the genetic variation between continental populations (F_CT), between intra-continental populations (F_SC), and between individuals of intra-continental populations (F_IS) are shown in bold.