File:Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR) mechanism.png

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English: Fluorescent signal amplification using small conditional RNAs. Metastable fluorescent scRNAs self-assemble into fluorescent amplification polymers upon detection of a cognate RNA initiator. Initiator I nucleates with hairpin H1 via base pairing to single-stranded toehold ‘1’, mediating a 3-way branch migration that opens the hairpin to form complex I·H1 containing single-stranded segment ‘3*-2*’. This complex nucleates with hairpin H2 by means of base pairing to toehold ‘3’, mediating a branch migration that opens the hairpin to form complex I·H1·H2 containing single-stranded segment ‘2*-1*’. Thus, the initiator sequence is regenerated, providing the basis for a chain reaction of alternating H1 and H2 polymerization steps. Red stars denote fluorophores. Image from Choi et al. 2010; http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v28/n11/full/nbt.1692.html; used with permission of the Nature Publishing Group.
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Source http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v28/n11/full/nbt.1692.html
Author H.M.T. Choi, J.Y. Chang, L.A. Trinh, J.E. Padilla, S.E. Fraser, and N.A. Pierce

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