File:Halebidu, Hoysaleswara Temple, dwarapala (9882386264).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionHalebidu, Hoysaleswara Temple, dwarapala (9882386264).jpg |
Halebidu, Hoysaleswara Temple, dwarapala statue at southern entrance Hoysaleswara temple (also spelt "Hoysaleshwara" or Hoysaleshvara") is a temple dedicated to Hindu god Shiva. It was built in Halebidu (in modern Karnataka state, India) during the rule of King Vishnuvardhana of the Hoysala Empire in the 12th century. The construction was started around 1120 CE and completed in 1150 CE. During the early 14th century, Halebidu was sacked and looted by Muslim invaders from northern India and the temple fell into a state of ruin and neglect. The construction of the temple was initiated and financed by wealthy Shaiva (a Hindu sect) citizens of the city. The temple building activity was taken up in competition to the construction of the Chennakesava Temple at Belur, a Vaishnava (a Hindu sect) temple. The temple is a simple dvikuta vimana (plan with two shrines and two superstructures), one for "Hoysaleswara" (the king) and the other for "Shantaleswara" (named after Shantala Devi, queen of King Vishnuvardhana) and is built with chloritic chist (more commonly known as soapstone or potstone). The temple complex as a whole is elevated on a jagati (platform), which according to historian Kamath, is a feature that became popular in contemporary Hoysala constructions. According to art historian Foekema, the two shrines which are adjoining, face east and each have a mantapa (hall) in front. The two mantapas are connected giving a large and imposing view of the hall. Individually, each shrine is smaller than the one at the Chennakesava Temple at Belur and contains a simple linga, the universal symbol of the god Shiva. The plan of the inside of the temple is simple but the exterior looks different because of the introduction of many projections and recesses in the walls. The towers of the shrines that are missing must have followed the star shape of the shrine, just as in many existing well-preserved towers in other Hoysala temples. The superstructure over the vestibule which connects the shrine to the mantapa, called sukanasi (a low tower that looks like an extension of the main tower), and the row of decorated miniature roofs above the eaves of the hall are all missing. The temple was built at a height that provided the architects sufficient horizontal and vertical space to depict large and small sculptures. According to the art critic James Fergusson, the overall effect of the vertical and horizontal lines, the play of the outline, the effect of light and shade and the plan of the projections and recesses all amounts to a "marvellous exhibition of human labor to be found even in the patient east and surpasses anything in Gothic art". The outer walls of these temples contain an intricate array of stone sculptures. The temple of Halebidu, has been described by art critics James Fergusson and Percy Brown as an "outstanding example of Hindu architecture" and as the "supreme climax of Indian architecture". (source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoysaleswara_Temple) |
Date | |
Source | Halebidu, Hoysaleswara Temple, dwarapala |
Author | Arian Zwegers from Brussels, Belgium |
Camera location | 13° 12′ 45.5″ N, 75° 59′ 38.9″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 13.212639; 75.994138 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Arian Zwegers at https://flickr.com/photos/67769030@N07/9882386264. It was reviewed on 8 March 2016 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
8 March 2016
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current | 20:11, 8 March 2016 | 3,456 × 5,184 (10.62 MB) | Shipjustgotreal (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS 550D |
Exposure time | 1/200 sec (0.005) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:39, 12 January 2013 |
Lens focal length | 20 mm |
Orientation | Rotated 90° CW |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
File change date and time | 11:39, 12 January 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:39, 12 January 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 7.625 |
APEX aperture | 6 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 5,728.1767955801 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 5,808.4033613445 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |