File:Gymnosperm Stem Periderm and Cortex in One Year Pinus (35924404860).jpg

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cross section: Pinus stem magnification: 100x

During the first year of growth the cutinized epidermis is replaced by protective growth of cork rich periderm. The outer periderm consists of layers of cork cells, the phellem, which produces waterproofing suberin. Cork cells are dead at maturity. Deep to the phellem is a living layer of cork cambium or phellogen and beneath that, layers of cork parenchyma or phelloderm. Many cells in the periderm contain dark staining tannins.

The cortex is divided into a thin outer hypodermis of lignified sclerenchyma cells and thicker inner cortex of thin walled parenchyma cells containing chloroplasts. Large resin ducts are surrounded by secretory parenchyma that produces resins and turpentines. Some cells enlarge into dark staining tyloses.

Both endoderm and pericycle are inconspicuous.

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Source Gymnosperm Stem: Periderm and Cortex in One Year Pinus
Author Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library

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Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

This image was originally posted to Flickr by bccoer at https://flickr.com/photos/146824358@N03/35924404860 (archive). It was reviewed on 22 June 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-zero.

22 June 2018

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current23:53, 22 June 2018Thumbnail for version as of 23:53, 22 June 20183,264 × 1,840 (8.53 MB)Meisam (talk | contribs)Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons

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