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English: The Green-tailed Sunbird (Aethopyga nipalensis), also known as the Nepal Yellow-backed Sunbird, is a visually captivating bird belonging to the family Nectariniidae. This species is notable for its vibrant plumage and distinctive vocalizations, making it a favorite among birdwatchers and ornithologists.

Identification

The Green-tailed Sunbird presents a striking appearance that is both beautiful and functional for its habitat. The male is particularly noteworthy, with a bright greenish-blue head that draws immediate attention. In addition to this vivid head coloration, males also feature a red upper back and bright yellow underparts, creating a colorful contrast that is easily identifiable.

Females, on the other hand, are more subdued in coloration but still possess a unique charm. They exhibit an olive-yellow body with paler underparts and a grayish head. Unlike the female Mrs. Gould’s Sunbird, female Green-tailed Sunbirds lack a strongly contrasting pale rump patch, which is a key distinguishing feature.

Habitat

The Green-tailed Sunbird is a resident of montane and hill forests as well as forest edges, thriving in temperate and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. In regions such as Southeast Szechwan and Yunnan, these birds favor open mountain woods with moss-covered trees. They are typically found at elevations ranging from 1,825 to 3,350 meters, where the environment provides ample food and nesting sites.

Behavior and Vocalizations

This species is known for its energetic behavior and distinctive calls. The Green-tailed Sunbird is often observed flitting through the upper canopies of trees, emitting a sharp “zit!” and a series of ringing twitters. These vocalizations are not only a means of communication but also play a role in their mating rituals and territorial displays.

Distribution

The Green-tailed Sunbird has a wide distribution across the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including Nepal, and extends eastwards into parts of Southeast Asia. This range includes diverse habitats, allowing the species to adapt to various environmental conditions while maintaining its ecological niche.

Ecological Importance

As a part of the montane forest ecosystem, the Green-tailed Sunbird plays a crucial role in pollination. By feeding on nectar from various flowers, these birds help in the reproductive processes of many plant species, contributing to the health and diversity of their habitats.

Conclusion

The Green-tailed Sunbird (Aethopyga nipalensis) is a remarkable species that enriches the biodiversity of montane and hill forests across its range. Its vibrant plumage, distinctive calls, and ecological significance make it a subject of great interest and admiration in the world of ornithology. Observing this bird in its natural habitat offers a glimpse into the intricate beauty and complexity of nature.

This bird was photographed at Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India