File:Grand Canyon National Park- Redwall Limestone 0513 (7706755704).jpg
Original file (3,872 × 2,592 pixels, file size: 2.72 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionGrand Canyon National Park- Redwall Limestone 0513 (7706755704).jpg |
This image portrays two common attributes of the Redwall Limestone: curved alcoves and prominent springs or seeps. NPS photo by Kristen M. Caldon Redwall Limestone - thickness: 500-800 ft. The Redwall Limestone forms distinct red cliffs about mid-level in the canyon. It was deposited 340 million years ago, during the Paleozoic Era - Late Early to Middle Mississippian Period. The Redwall Limestone was deposited in a shallow to deep sea environment. A variety of fossilized sea life is preserved within the formation, including brachiopods and crinoids. Although its name implies that the Redwall Limestone is a red rock, it is in fact a gray stone. It gains its reddish appearance from the rocks above. Both the Supai Group and the Hermit Formation are red in color due to their high iron oxide content. Over time, rain has continually washed these eroding red sediments over the Redwall, staining it red. The Redwall Limestone contains thousands of caves. Limestone is a water soluble rock, meaning that it can be slowly dissolved by water, eventually resulting in caves of various sizes. Many animals, such as the California condor, now make these caves their homes, just as giant Shasta ground sloths made them their homes 11,000 to 20,000 years ago. The Redwall Limestone also serves as a regional and local aquifer. An aquifer is a permeable body of rock capable of yielding water to wells and springs. |
Date | |
Source | Grand Canyon National Park- Redwall Limestone_0513 |
Author | Grand Canyon National Park |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Grand Canyon NPS at https://flickr.com/photos/50693818@N08/7706755704. It was reviewed on 20 April 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
20 April 2020
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 18:26, 20 April 2020 | 3,872 × 2,592 (2.72 MB) | Killarnee (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D200 |
Exposure time | 1/160 sec (0.00625) |
F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 320 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:07, 23 July 2012 |
Lens focal length | 24 mm |
Width | 3,872 px |
Height | 2,592 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Windows |
File change date and time | 15:20, 30 July 2012 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:07, 23 July 2012 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.321928 |
APEX aperture | 7.400879 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Subject distance | 4,294,967,295 meters |
Metering mode | Center weighted average |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 57 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 57 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 57 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 36 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Hard |
Saturation | High saturation |
Sharpness | Hard |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.2.0.0 |
Lens used | 24.0-70.0 mm f/2.8 |
Date metadata was last modified | 08:20, 30 July 2012 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:BEED4FB994DAE111BE06F46D4DB90CCC |