File:Gomphotherium productum fossil elephant (Miocene; Oklahoma, USA) 1 (15463158095).jpg

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Gomphotherium productum (Cope, 1874) fossil elephant (partial lower jaw) from the Miocene of Oklahoma, USA (OMNH 4259, Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA).

Modern elephants (proboscideans) have two tusks emerging from their upper jaw. Some fossil proboscideans had four tusks - a pair from the upper jaw and a pair from the lower jaw (mandible).

Gomphotherium is one of these odd, four-tusked fossil elephants. Its body size was about the same as the living Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Tooth morphology and tooth isotopic composition studies indicate that Gomphotherium was herbivorous, primarily a browser (leaf eater) in woodland facies.

Gomphotherium remains are widespread - they have been found in the Miocene of North America, Eurasia, and Africa, plus the Lower Pliocene of North America and Europe.

Classification: Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Mammalia, Proboscidea, Euelephantoidea, Gomphotheriidae
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Source Gomphotherium productum fossil elephant (Miocene; Oklahoma, USA) 1
Author James St. John

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by jsj1771 at https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/15463158095. It was reviewed on 6 May 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

6 May 2015

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