File:Goldfish breeds and other aquarium fishes, their care and propagation - a guide to freshwater and marine aquaria, their fauna, flora and management. With 280 explanatory illustrations, printed with (14766023062).jpg

Identifier: goldfishbreedsot00wolf (find matches)
Title: Goldfish breeds and other aquarium fishes, their care and propagation : a guide to freshwater and marine aquaria, their fauna, flora and management. With 280 explanatory illustrations, printed with the text
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors: Wolf, Herman Theodore, 1855-
Subjects: Aquariums Goldfish
Publisher: Philadelphia : Innes & sons
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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. There arealso transverse processes and an inferior arch below, which carries the lowercaudal spine and the inters.pinous bones of the anal fin. The ribs areslender, curved bones each attached to a vertebra and imbedded in themuscles of the sides and abdomen. The interspinous bones in the middleline of the back between the lateral muscles, are connected with the verte-brae by ligaments, their outer ends being interspaced with the medianor dorsal fin. The skull is a complicated structure consisting principally ofthecranial,the maxillary and inter-maxillary, the pra>operculum,sub-opercu-lum, and inter-operculum, mandible and other smaller intermediary bones. 15 HISTORY AND ANATOMY OF THE GOLDFISH The ordinary goldfish has two sets of horizontal paired fins, theanterior paired or pectoral fins, Fig. 2, connected with the clavicles andthe skull immediately behind the gills, and the posterior paired or ventralfins inserted on the abdominal surface below and to the rear of the pectorals
Text Appearing After Image:
FIG. 2—Skeleton of the Common Goldfish and articulated to the posterior visceral arches and the pubic bone. Thesingle median or dorsal fin is interspaced with the upper interspinous bones;the single anal fin with the lower interspinious bones, and the tail or caudalfin set vertically at the extremity of the spine, articulated so that it is flex-ible in all directions. The rays of all the fins are branched, increasing innumber towards their extremities. The spinous and soft rays of the pairedfins correspond with the bones of the limbs of other animals, one of theirfunctions being to maintain the balance of the fish. Retrograde motionis principally affected by the pectoral fins which also direct the course ofthe fish by acting as propellers, further serving as adjuncts to the respi-ratory system in changing the water at the gills. The ventral fins act asa break in checking the forward motion in addition to aiding in the retro-grade movement. The dorsal and anal fins balance the body,

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