File:Goldfish breeds and other aquarium fishes, their care and propagation - a guide to freshwater and marine aquaria, their fauna, flora and management. With 280 explanatory illustrations, printed with (14579762878).jpg

Identifier: goldfishbreedsot00wolf (find matches)
Title: Goldfish breeds and other aquarium fishes, their care and propagation : a guide to freshwater and marine aquaria, their fauna, flora and management. With 280 explanatory illustrations, printed with the text
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors: Wolf, Herman Theodore, 1855-
Subjects: Aquariums Goldfish
Publisher: Philadelphia : Innes & sons
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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Text Appearing Before Image:
ive organs and muscles, Fig. 141. Thevalves increase in size by the addition of concentric rings to the outeredges and in thickness by deposits of nacre on the inner side; the umboneor nucleus being the original shell of the young mussel. The valves areunited by a hinge which varies in structure with the different species, andare kept closed by adductor muscles connecting them at each end. Theinterlocking projections of the hinge are known as teeth, and according totheir location are cardinal when placed under the beak, anterior and poste-rior lateral when placed before or behind the umbones. A set of muscles constitute the anterior and posterior retractors andprotractors which control the foot. Mussels have no distinct head, themantle covering the entire animal and is attached to the valves by a mem-brane. Under it, on the posterior end, are the gill plates, partly separatedby the foot and the viscera,and forming a large cavity. In front of the gills 218 MOLLUSCS, VERMES AND HYDROZOA
Text Appearing After Image:
are the labial palps, two pairs oftriangular flaps and between thegills and the hinge is the peri-cardium containing a three-chambered heart, and below thisthe organ which serves as thekidneys. The liver is a com-pound digestive gland over theposterior portion of the gills andunder this is the stomach, con-nected with the mouth by theoesophagus. The digestivecanal consists of an irregularcoiled tube which passes throughthe pericardium to the posteriorend of the body. The sim-ple nervous system consists ofganglia at the mouth, foot andadductor muscles. Respiration consist in tak-ing the water through the inhal-ing siphon, passing it over andbetween the gills and out of thebody bv the exhaling siphon.These water currents reach theother organs, aerate the blood, convey food to the stomach and carry offthe waste materials of the system. Reproduction varies with the genera, but with most of the freshwaterspecies is the following. The eggs are developed in the ovaries, pass tothe gills, whe

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