File:Gold (DeMaria Mine, Placer County, California, USA) 2 (16877702509).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionGold (DeMaria Mine, Placer County, California, USA) 2 (16877702509).jpg |
Gold from California, USA. (DMNH 18186, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, Colorado) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substrance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 4900 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known (four of them are still unnamed). Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals. To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state as minerals. Gold (Au) is the most prestigious metal known, but it's not the most valuable. Gold is the only metal that has a deep, rich, metallic yellow color. Almost all other metals are silvery-colored. Gold is very rare in crustal rocks - it averages about 5 ppb (parts per billion). Where gold has been concentrated, it occurs as wires, dendritic crystals, twisted sheets, octahedral crystals, and variably-shaped nuggets. It most commonly occurs in hydrothermal quartz veins, disseminated in some contact- & hydrothermal-metamorphic rocks, and in placer deposits. Placers are concentrations of heavy minerals in stream gravels or in cracks on bedrock-floored streams. Gold has a high specific gravity (about 19), so it easily accumulates in placer deposits. Its high density allows prospectors to readily collect placer gold by panning. In addition to its high density, gold has a high melting point (over 1000º C). Gold is also relatively soft - about 2.5 to 3 on the Mohs Hardness Scale. The use of pure gold or high-purity gold in jewelry is not desirable as it easily gets scratched. The addition of other metals to gold to increase the hardness also alters the unique color of gold. Gold jewelry made & sold in America doesn’t have the gorgeous rich color of high-purity gold. The gold mass shown above is derived from a gold-quartz vein in the "Mother Lode" gold belt of California, USA. Locality: DeMaria Mine, Placer County, California, USA |
Date | |
Source | Gold (DeMaria Mine, Placer County, California, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by jsj1771 at https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/16877702509. It was reviewed on 3 May 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
3 May 2015
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current | 20:47, 3 May 2015 | 3,048 × 2,710 (3.62 MB) | Natuur12 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
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Camera manufacturer | OLYMPUS IMAGING CORP. |
Camera model | TG-1 |
Exposure time | 1/100 sec (0.01) |
F-number | f/4.9 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:33, 26 October 2013 |
Lens focal length | 18 mm |
Width | 3,968 px |
Height | 2,976 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 314 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 314 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 03:21, 7 April 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:33, 26 October 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 6.643856 |
APEX aperture | 4.585563 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2 APEX (f/2) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash fired, auto mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 100 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Receiver status | Measurement interoperability |
Reference for direction of image | Magnetic direction |
Direction of image | 247 |
GPS tag version | 0.0.3.2 |
Serial number of camera | BCA539215 |
Date metadata was last modified | 23:21, 6 April 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | BB6EB7163624867980BE2A9C0E9B5C7C |