File:Girkin Limestone (Upper Mississippian; entrance to Great Onyx Cave, Flint Ridge, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA) 3 (8314216794).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionGirkin Limestone (Upper Mississippian; entrance to Great Onyx Cave, Flint Ridge, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA) 3 (8314216794).jpg |
Girkin Limestone at the entrance to Great Onyx Cave. Great Onyx Cave is located in the northern part of Flint Ridge in Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA. It has 8 miles worth of mapped passages. Geologically, Great Onyx Cave is part of the Mammoth Cave System, but it has become erosively separated from it (although an air flow connection with the Mammoth Cave System has been identified). Great Onyx Cave is the downstream continuation of the Salt Cave section of the system. The walls of Great Onyx Cave are limestones of the Paoli Member, shales of the Bethel Member, and limestones of the Beaver Bend Member of the Girkin Formation (lower Upper Mississippian). The travertine speleothem-rich areas of Great Onyx Cave are wet and occur where a cap of overlying Big Clifty Sandstone is absent. The dry portions of the cave are below an intact Big Clifty Sandstone "caprock", and include the giant canyon passage areas and the gypsum speleothem areas. The main cave passage of Great Onyx Cave is called Edwards Avenue. It is a giant canyon passage at Level B in the Mammoth Cave System. Level B passages formed about 2 to 4 million years ago during the Pliocene. This cave is sometimes accessible to the general public by guided lantern tours during boreal summer months. This photo was taken during a field trip in June 2011 as part of a cave geology course at Mammoth Cave park. |
Date | |
Source | Girkin Limestone (Upper Mississippian; entrance to Great Onyx Cave, Flint Ridge, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA) 3 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/8314216794 (archive). It was reviewed on 14 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
14 October 2019
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current | 17:16, 14 October 2019 | 3,000 × 4,000 (3.78 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/80 sec (0.0125) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:13, 16 June 2011 |
Lens focal length | 8.295 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 14:13, 16 June 2011 |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:13, 16 June 2011 |
Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 6.3125 |
APEX aperture | 3.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.90625 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516129032 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |