File:Galaxy cluster MACS J2129-0741 and lensed galaxy MACS2129-1.jpg
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[edit]DescriptionGalaxy cluster MACS J2129-0741 and lensed galaxy MACS2129-1.jpg |
English: Acting as a natural telescope in space, the gravity of the extremely massive foreground galaxy cluster MACS J2129-0741 magnifies, brightens, and distorts the far-distant background galaxy MACS2129-1, shown in the top box.
The middle box is a blown-up view of the gravitationally lensed galaxy. The bottom box displays a reconstructed image, based on modeling, that shows what the galaxy would look like if the galaxy cluster were not present. The galaxy appears red because it is so distant that its light is shifted into the red part of the spectrum. |
Date | |
Source | https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo1726a/ |
Author | NASA, ESA, STScI, and Sune Toft (Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Inst., Univ. of Copenhagen) |
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Author | Space Telescope Science Institut |
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Source | ESA/Hubble |
Credit/Provider | NASA, ESA, STScI, and Sune Toft (Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Inst., Univ. of Copenhagen) |
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Date and time of data generation | 12:13, 22 June 2017 |
JPEG file comment | By combining the power of a Ònatural lensÓ in space with the capability of NASAÕs Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers made a surprising discoveryÑthe first example of very compact yet massive disk-shaped and rotating galaxy that stopped making stars only a few billion years after the big bang. Finding a galaxy that is pancake-shapedÑmuch like our own Milky WayÑso early in the history of the universe challenges the current understanding of how massive galaxies form and evolve, say researchers.
The galaxy, called MACS 2129-1, is considered ÒdeadÓ because it is no longer making stars. The existence of dead galaxies so earlyÑwhen the universe was just one-quarter its current ageÑhas long been a puzzle, as the Universe at that time was full of gas and at the peak of the cosmic star formation history. The leading theory has been that they formed in galaxy collisions that efficiently drove all the gas into the center of the collision and turned it into stars. ÒPerhaps we have been blind to the fact that early ÒdeadÓ galaxies could in fact be disks, simply because we havenÕt been able to resolve them,Ó said study leader Sune Toft of the Dark Cosmology Centre at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen. ÒThis new insight may force us to rethink the whole cosmological context of how galaxies burn out early on and evolve into local elliptical-shaped galaxies.Ó When the universe was just 3 billion years old, half of the most massive galaxies were extremely compact and had already completed their star formation. Astronomers believe that they ultimately grew into the most massive elliptical galaxies seen in the nearby universe today. Scientists theorize they did this through mergers with small companion galaxies, which added to the stars on the galaxyÕs outskirts. Confirming this scenario requires more powerful telescopes than are currently available, whether on Earth or in space. However, through the phenomenon known as Ògravit |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 10:07, 22 June 2017 |
Date and time of digitizing | 06:27, 8 June 2017 |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:07, 22 June 2017 |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:ac9fcda4-2290-48dd-b811-31d410d30384 |
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Contact information | outreach@stsci.edu
Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 Garching bei München, , D-85748 Germany |
IIM version | 4 |